Selectivity of pesticides registered for soybean crop on <i>Telenomus podisi</i> and <i>Trissolcus basalis</i>

Zantedeschi, Ronaldo; Grützmacher, Anderson Dionei; Pazini, Juliano de Bastos; Bueno, Flávio Amaral; Machado, Larissa Longaray

doi:10.1590/1983-40632018v4850348

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Scientific Articles • Pesqui. Agropecu. Trop. 48 (1) • Jan-Mar 2018 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-40632018v4850348 copy

Selectivity of pesticides registered for soybean crop on Telenomus podisi and Trissolcus basalis¹

Seletividade de agrotóxicos registrados para a cultura da soja a Telenomus podisi e Trissolcus basalis

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

The use of pesticides in the soybean crop may impair the biological control, if the products are not selective to Telenomus podisi and Trissolcus basalis, which are important stink bug egg parasitoids. This study aimed to assess the selectivity of 15 pesticides registered for soybean crop on adults of T. podisi and T. basalis. Three laboratory bioassays were performed, totaling 18 treatments, in a completely randomized design, with four replications. The insecticides (g or mL of a.i.) imidacloprid + beta-cyfluthrin (0.25 + 0.03), deltamethrin (0.06), thiamethoxam + lambda-cyhalothrin (0.27 + 0.35), acephate (1.87) and fenitrothion (1.25) are harmful to both parasitoids species. Flubendiamide (1.20), diflubenzuron (2.00), Bacillus thuringiensis (0.08) and lufenuron (0.12) are innocuous to both parasitoids. The fungicides azoxystrobin + flutriafol (0.31 + 0.31), trifloxystrobin + prothioconazole (0.37 + 0.44), pyraclostrobin + metconazole (0.33 + 0.12) and trifloxystrobin + cyproconazole (0.94 + 0.40) are innocuous to T. podisi, but slightly harmful to T. basalis. The herbicides glufosinate ammonium salt (0.50) and glyphosate isopropylamine salt (1.20) are innocuous to both parasitoids.

KEY-WORDS:
Glycine max; biological control; chemical control; integrated pest management

Commercial product^1/ 1/ Product registered in Agrofit (2016) for soybean crop;	Active ingredient	Chemical group	C.A.I.^2/ 2/ concentration of active ingredient in the spray mix;	D.C.P.^3/ 3/ dosage of commercial product (g or mL ha-1) registered for an application corresponding to 200 L ha-1.
Insecticides
Belt	Flubendiamide	Diamides	1.20	70
Connect	Imidacloprid + beta-cyfluthrin	Neonicotinoid + pyrethroid	0.25 + 0.03	1,000
Decis 25 EC	Deltamethrin	Pyrethroid	0.06	200
Dimilin 80 WG	Diflubenzuron	Benzoylurea	2.00	150
Dipel PM	Bacillus thuringiensis	Biological	0.08	500
Engeo Pleno	Lambda-cyhalothrin + thiamethoxam	Pyrethroid + neonicotinoid	0.35 + 0.27	200
Match EC	Lufenuron	Benzoylurea	0.12	150
Orthene 750 BR	Acephate	Organophosphorus	1.87	750
Sumithion 500 EC	Fenitrothione	Organophosphorus	1.25	1,500
Fungicides
Authority	Azoxystrobin + flutriafol	Strobilurin + triazole	0.31 + 0.31	600
Fox	Trifloxystrobin + prothioconazole	Strobilurin + triazole	0.37 + 0.44	400
Opera Ultra	Pyraclostrobin + metconazole	Strobilurin + triazole	0.33 + 0.12	600
Sphere Max	Trifloxystrobin + cyproconazole	Strobilurin + triazole	0.94 + 0.40	200
Herbicides
Finale	Glufosinate ammonium salt	Homoalanine replaced	0.50	2,000
Glyphosate Atanor	Isopropylamine salt	Glycine replaced	1.20	6,000

Treatment	Telenomus podisi			Trissolcus basalis
Treatment	Eggs/female (x ± SE)^1/ 1/ Mean ± standard error of parasitized eggs per female in each treatment, after 96 h of exposure of parasitoids to pesticide residues.	P.R.^2/ 2/ Parasitism reduction, in comparison with the control.	C.^3/ 3/ IOBC classes: 1 = innocuous (PR < 30 %); 2 = slightly harmful (30 % ≤ PR < 80 %); 3 = moderately harmful (80% ≤ PR < 99 %); 4 = harmful (PR ≥ 99 %). Means followed by the same letter do not differ significantly by the Dunn test.	Eggs/female (x± SE)^1/ 1/ Mean ± standard error of parasitized eggs per female in each treatment, after 96 h of exposure of parasitoids to pesticide residues.	P.R.^2/ 2/ Parasitism reduction, in comparison with the control.	C.^3/ 3/ IOBC classes: 1 = innocuous (PR < 30 %); 2 = slightly harmful (30 % ≤ PR < 80 %); 3 = moderately harmful (80% ≤ PR < 99 %); 4 = harmful (PR ≥ 99 %). Means followed by the same letter do not differ significantly by the Dunn test.
Imidacloprid + beta-cyfluthrin	0.00 ± 0.00 b^* * Results of the Kruskal-Wallis test (p = 0.0002; H = 22.763 and p = 0.0003; H = 22.763, respectively for T. podisi and T. basalis), followed by the Dunn test with Bonferroni correction (p < 0.05).	100	4	0.00 ± 0.00 b^* * Results of the Kruskal-Wallis test (p = 0.0002; H = 22.763 and p = 0.0003; H = 22.763, respectively for T. podisi and T. basalis), followed by the Dunn test with Bonferroni correction (p < 0.05).	100	4
Lambda-cyhalothrin + thiamethoxam	0.00 ± 0.00 b	100	4	0.00 ± 0.00 b	100	4
Acephate	0.00 ± 0.00 b	100	4	0.00 ± 0.00 b	100	4
Deltamethrin	0.00 ± 0.00 b	100	4	0.00 ± 0.00 b	100	4
Fenitrothione	0.00 ± 0.00 b	100	4	0.00 ± 0.00 b	100	4
Control	3.57 ± 0.09 a	-	-	13.30 ± 0.73 a	-	-

Treatment	Telenomus podisi			Trissolcus basalis
Treatment	Eggs/female (x ± SE)^1/ 1/ Mean ± standard error of parasitized eggs per female in each treatment, after 96 h of exposure of parasitoids to pesticide residues.	P.R.^2/ 2/ Parasitism reduction, in comparison with the control.	C^3/ 3/ IOBC classes: 1 = innocuous (PR < 30 %); 2 = slightly harmful (30 % ≤ PR < 80 %); 3 = moderately harmful (80 % ≤ PR < 99 %); 4 = harmful (PR ≥ 99 %).	Eggs/female (x ± SE)^1/ 1/ Mean ± standard error of parasitized eggs per female in each treatment, after 96 h of exposure of parasitoids to pesticide residues.	P.R.^2/ 2/ Parasitism reduction, in comparison with the control.	C^3/ 3/ IOBC classes: 1 = innocuous (PR < 30 %); 2 = slightly harmful (30 % ≤ PR < 80 %); 3 = moderately harmful (80 % ≤ PR < 99 %); 4 = harmful (PR ≥ 99 %).
Diflubenzuron	5.44 ± 0.88^ns	0.00	1	4.72 ± 1.77 ^ns	0.00	1
Flubendiamide	5.12 ± 0.78	0.00	1	3.51 ± 0.58	9.39	1
Bacillus thuringiensis	4.95 ± 0.24	0.00	1	6.18 ± 2.15	0.00	1
Lufenuron	4.38 ± 0.57	9.75	1	3.62 ± 0.39	6.61	1
Control	4.85 ± 0.10	-	-	3.87 ± 2.52	-	-

Treatment	Telenomus podisi			Trissolcus basalis
Treatment	Eggs/female (x ± SE)^1/ 1/ Mean ± standard error of parasitized eggs per female in each treatment, after 96 h of exposure of parasitoids to pesticide residues. ns Not significant by the variance analysis (F = 0.417).	P.R.^2/ 2/ Parasitism reduction, in comparison with the control.	C.^3/ 3/ IOBC classes: 1 = innocuous (PR < 30 %); 2 = slightly harmful (30 % ≤ PR < 80 %); 3 = moderately harmful (80 % ≤ PR < 99 %); 4 = harmful (PR ≥ 99 %). Means followed by the same letter do not differ significantly by the Dunn test.	Eggs/female (x ± SE)^1/ 1/ Mean ± standard error of parasitized eggs per female in each treatment, after 96 h of exposure of parasitoids to pesticide residues. ns Not significant by the variance analysis (F = 0.417).	P.R.^2/ 2/ Parasitism reduction, in comparison with the control.	C.^3/ 3/ IOBC classes: 1 = innocuous (PR < 30 %); 2 = slightly harmful (30 % ≤ PR < 80 %); 3 = moderately harmful (80 % ≤ PR < 99 %); 4 = harmful (PR ≥ 99 %). Means followed by the same letter do not differ significantly by the Dunn test.
Pyraclostrobin + metconazole	4.35 ± 0.24^ns	3.61	1	4.46 ± 0.99 b^* * Results of the Kruskal-Wallis test (p = 0.0052; H = 18.431) followed by the Dunn test with Bonferroni correction (p < 0.05).	63.56	2
Trifloxystrobin + cyproconazole	3.64 ± 0.48	0.00	1	4.93 ± 0.64 b	59.30	2
Azoxystrobin + flutriafol	4.77 ± 0.10	0.00	1	3.40 ± 0.29 b	71.87	2
Trifloxystrobin + prothioconazole	4.24 ± 0.88	6.07	1	8.03 ± 2.19 ab	33.62	2
Glufosinate ammonium salt	3.88 ± 0.57	13.95	1	10.18 ± 0.55 a	15.79	1
Isopropylamine salt	3.86 ± 0.78	14.42	1	9.42 ± 0.90 ab	25.81	1
Control	4.51 ± 0.31	-	-	12.10 ± 0.08 a	-	-

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[TFN1] ^1/
Product registered in Agrofit (2016)AGROFIT: sistema de agrotóxicos fitossanitários. 2016. Available at: <http://agrofit.agricultura.gov.br/agrofit_cons/principal_agrofit_cons>. Access on: 21 Jan. 2016.
http://agrofit.agricultura.gov.br/agrofi... for soybean crop;

[TFN2] ^2/
concentration of active ingredient in the spray mix;

[TFN3] ^3/
dosage of commercial product (g or mL ha^-1) registered for an application corresponding to 200 L ha^-1.

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Selectivity of pesticides registered for soybean crop on Telenomus podisi and Trissolcus basalis1

Seletividade de agrotóxicos registrados para a cultura da soja a Telenomus podisi e Trissolcus basalis

ABSTRACT

Selectivity of pesticides registered for soybean crop on Telenomus podisi and Trissolcus basalis¹