Plant diversity in integrated crop-livestock systems increases the soil enzymatic activity in the short term

Franco, Aline de Jesus; Silva, Ana Paula Valadares da; Souza, Amanda Beatriz Silva; Oliveira, Rafael Loverde; Batista, Éder Rodrigues; Souza, Edicarlos Damacena de; Silva, Aline Oliveira; Carneiro, Marco Aurélio Carbone

doi:10.1590/1983-40632020v5064026

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Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical

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Research Article • Pesqui. Agropecu. Trop. 50 • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-40632020v5064026 copy

Plant diversity in integrated crop-livestock systems increases the soil enzymatic activity in the short term

Diversidade de plantas em sistemas integrados de produção agropecuária incrementa a atividade enzimática do solo no curto prazo

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Integrated crop-livestock systems (ICLS) intercropped in the pasture phase promote alterations in the dynamics of soil attributes, among them the enzymatic activity. This study aimed to evaluate soil enzymatic and microbial activities, following the implementation of ICLS with increased plant diversity during the pasture phase. The study consisted of soybean cultivation at season and pasture with different diversity levels in the off-season: very low - monocropped Urochloa brizantha cv. BRS Paiaguás with no animal entry; low - monocropped Paiaguás; medium - Paiaguás and cowpea bean (Vigna unguiculata); high - Paiaguás, cowpea bean and niger (Guizotia abyssinica); very high - Paiaguás, cowpea bean, niger, buckwheat (Fogopyrum esculentum) and forage turnip (Raphanus sativus). The introduction of plants from different families, associated to grazing, positively affected the enzymatic activities of acid phosphatase, β-glucosidase and urease. In relation to microbial biomass carbon and basal respiration, there were no effects from the treatments. Therefore, among the evaluated biochemical soil attributes, the activities of some soil enzymes were more sensitive in demonstrating, in the short term, the positive effects of the increased plant variety in the ICLS pasture phase.

KEYWORDS:
Brazilian Savanna; soil enzymes; nutrient cycling; no-tillage

Parameter/Unit	Quantity	CV (%)
MBC (µg g^-1)	311.32	11.91
SBR (mg C-CO₂ g^-1 soil h^-1)	3.50	12.60
qCO₂ (mg C-CO₂µg^-1 MBC)	11.80	22.16
qMic (%)	1.30	16.77
Acid phosphatase (µg ρ -nitrophenyl-phosphate g^-1 soil h^-1)	901.42	11.01
β-glucosidase (µg ρ-nitrofenol g^-1 soil h^-1)	430.80	23.03
Urease (µg NH₄-N g^-1 soil h^-1)	2.90	13.48

Treatments	MBC	SBR	qCO₂	qMic	CUE	GMea
Treatments	µg g^-1	mg g^-1 h^-1	mg C-CO2 µg^-1 MBC	%	µg product g^-1 h^-1	µg product g^-1 h^-1
Very low diversity	271.4^ns ns No significant difference;MBC: microbial biomass carbon; SBR: soil basal respiration; qCO2: metabolic quotient; qMic: microbial quotient;very low diversity: no-tillage Paiaguás without animal grazing; low diversity: no-tillage Paiaguás; medium diversity: no-tillage Paiaguás and cowpea bean; high diversity: no-tillage Paiaguás, cowpea bean and niger; very high diversity: no-tillage Paiaguás, cowpea bean, niger, buckwheat and forage turnip.	2.16^ns ns No significant difference;MBC: microbial biomass carbon; SBR: soil basal respiration; qCO2: metabolic quotient; qMic: microbial quotient;very low diversity: no-tillage Paiaguás without animal grazing; low diversity: no-tillage Paiaguás; medium diversity: no-tillage Paiaguás and cowpea bean; high diversity: no-tillage Paiaguás, cowpea bean and niger; very high diversity: no-tillage Paiaguás, cowpea bean, niger, buckwheat and forage turnip.	9.12^ns ns No significant difference;MBC: microbial biomass carbon; SBR: soil basal respiration; qCO2: metabolic quotient; qMic: microbial quotient;very low diversity: no-tillage Paiaguás without animal grazing; low diversity: no-tillage Paiaguás; medium diversity: no-tillage Paiaguás and cowpea bean; high diversity: no-tillage Paiaguás, cowpea bean and niger; very high diversity: no-tillage Paiaguás, cowpea bean, niger, buckwheat and forage turnip.	0.96^ns ns No significant difference;MBC: microbial biomass carbon; SBR: soil basal respiration; qCO2: metabolic quotient; qMic: microbial quotient;very low diversity: no-tillage Paiaguás without animal grazing; low diversity: no-tillage Paiaguás; medium diversity: no-tillage Paiaguás and cowpea bean; high diversity: no-tillage Paiaguás, cowpea bean and niger; very high diversity: no-tillage Paiaguás, cowpea bean, niger, buckwheat and forage turnip.	0.990^ns ns No significant difference;MBC: microbial biomass carbon; SBR: soil basal respiration; qCO2: metabolic quotient; qMic: microbial quotient;very low diversity: no-tillage Paiaguás without animal grazing; low diversity: no-tillage Paiaguás; medium diversity: no-tillage Paiaguás and cowpea bean; high diversity: no-tillage Paiaguás, cowpea bean and niger; very high diversity: no-tillage Paiaguás, cowpea bean, niger, buckwheat and forage turnip.	0.016^ns ns No significant difference;MBC: microbial biomass carbon; SBR: soil basal respiration; qCO2: metabolic quotient; qMic: microbial quotient;very low diversity: no-tillage Paiaguás without animal grazing; low diversity: no-tillage Paiaguás; medium diversity: no-tillage Paiaguás and cowpea bean; high diversity: no-tillage Paiaguás, cowpea bean and niger; very high diversity: no-tillage Paiaguás, cowpea bean, niger, buckwheat and forage turnip.
Low diversity	292.03	2.26	7.78	1.12	0.992	0.012
Medium diversity	233.63	2.62	11.29	1.07	0.989	0.050
High diversity	280.96	2.37	9.09	1.19	0.990	0.039
Very high diversity	333.39	2.31	7.41	1.32	0.991	0.032
CV (%)	24.50	16.01	29.90	23.02	0.270	59.680

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[1] E-mail/ORCID: alinefrancoagro@outlook.com/0000-0001-5617-5369, anapaulavaladaresdasilva@gmail.com/0000-0001-5300-7212, eder.pgagri@gmail.com/0000-0003-3904-7749, alineoliveirasilva6@gmail.com/0000-0003-0317-4797, marcocarbone@ufla.br/0000-0003-4349-3071.