Use of cassava wastewater in <i>Capsicum chinense</i> production

Costa, Andrezza Grasielly; Cova, Alide Mitsue Watanabe; Souza, Luciano da Silva; Xavier, Francisco Alisson da Silva; Correia, Marcos Roberto Santos; Gonçalves, Daniel Ribeiro; Almeida, Willian Fernandes de

doi:10.1590/1983-40632020v5064756

Andrezza Grasielly Costa

Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Ambientais e Biológicas, Cruz das Almas, BA, Brasil. E-mail/ORCID: andrezza_grasielly@hotmail.com/0000-0002-0296-1716, alidewatanabe@yahoo.com.br/0000-0003-0570-7008, lsouza@ufrb.edu.br/0000-0002-6795-7697, marcos_roberto9974@hotmail.com/0000-0002-1404-7710, danielgoncalves724@gmail.com/0000-0003-0675-7218.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0296-1716

Alide Mitsue Watanabe Cova

Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Ambientais e Biológicas, Cruz das Almas, BA, Brasil. E-mail/ORCID: andrezza_grasielly@hotmail.com/0000-0002-0296-1716, alidewatanabe@yahoo.com.br/0000-0003-0570-7008, lsouza@ufrb.edu.br/0000-0002-6795-7697, marcos_roberto9974@hotmail.com/0000-0002-1404-7710, danielgoncalves724@gmail.com/0000-0003-0675-7218.

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0570-7008

Luciano da Silva Souza

Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Ambientais e Biológicas, Cruz das Almas, BA, Brasil. E-mail/ORCID: andrezza_grasielly@hotmail.com/0000-0002-0296-1716, alidewatanabe@yahoo.com.br/0000-0003-0570-7008, lsouza@ufrb.edu.br/0000-0002-6795-7697, marcos_roberto9974@hotmail.com/0000-0002-1404-7710, danielgoncalves724@gmail.com/0000-0003-0675-7218.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6795-7697

Francisco Alisson da Silva Xavier

Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura), Cruz das Almas, BA, Brasil. E-mail/ORCID: alisson.xavier@embrapa.br/0000-0002-8141-2343.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8141-2343

Marcos Roberto Santos Correia

Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Ambientais e Biológicas, Cruz das Almas, BA, Brasil. E-mail/ORCID: andrezza_grasielly@hotmail.com/0000-0002-0296-1716, alidewatanabe@yahoo.com.br/0000-0003-0570-7008, lsouza@ufrb.edu.br/0000-0002-6795-7697, marcos_roberto9974@hotmail.com/0000-0002-1404-7710, danielgoncalves724@gmail.com/0000-0003-0675-7218.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1404-7710

Daniel Ribeiro Gonçalves

Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Ambientais e Biológicas, Cruz das Almas, BA, Brasil. E-mail/ORCID: andrezza_grasielly@hotmail.com/0000-0002-0296-1716, alidewatanabe@yahoo.com.br/0000-0003-0570-7008, lsouza@ufrb.edu.br/0000-0002-6795-7697, marcos_roberto9974@hotmail.com/0000-0002-1404-7710, danielgoncalves724@gmail.com/0000-0003-0675-7218.

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0675-7218

Willian Fernandes de Almeida

Instituto Federal do Espírito Santo, Barra de São Francisco, ES, Brasil. E-mail/ORCID: wifatec@yahoo.com.br/0000-0001-7394-2865.

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7394-2865

Figures (4)
Tables (3)

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Figure 1
Means for stem diameter (A and B) and shoot dry mass (C and D) of Capsicum chinense at 100 days after transplanting, under mineral fertilizer proportions and cassava wastewater doses, respectively.

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Figure 2
Plant height (A), number of leaves (B), leaf area (C) and contents of total chlorophyll (D), chlorophyll a (E) and chlorophyll b (F) in Capsicum chinense plants, in the interaction of cassava wastewater doses with the addition of 0 (∆), 50 (■) and 100 % (○) of the mineral fertilizer recommended for the crop, at 100 days after transplanting.

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Figure 3
Means of yield (A and B) and fruit wall thickness (C and D) of Capsicum chinense under mineral fertilizer proportions and cassava wastewater doses, respectively, at 100 days after transplanting.

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Figure 4
Number of fruits (A), fruit length (B), fruit diameter (C), fruit tip length (D), fruit fresh mass (E) and fruit dry mass (F) of Capsicum chinense, in the interaction of cassava wastewater doses with the addition of 0 (∆), 50 (■) and 100 % (○) of the mineral fertilizer recommended for the crop, at 100 days after transplanting.

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Table 1
Characteristics of cassava wastewater applied in the cultivation of Capsicum chinense.

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Table 2
Summary of the analysis of variance with the respective mean squares for the variables plant height (PH), stem diameter (SD), number of leaves (NL), leaf area (LA), total chlorophyll (TC), chlorophyll a (Chla), chlorophyll b (Chlb) and shoot dry mass (SDM) of Capsicum chinense at 100 days after transplanting, grown under mineral fertilizer (MF) proportions recommended for the crop and cassava wastewater (CW) doses.

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Table 3
Summary of analysis of variance with the respective mean squares for the variables number of fruits (NF), yield (Y), fruit fresh mass (FFM), fruit dry mass (FDM), fruit length (FL), fruit diameter (FD), fruit tip length (FTL) and fruit wall thickness (FWT) of Capsicum chinense at 100 days after transplanting, under proportions of mineral fertilizer (MF) recommended for the crop and cassava wastewater (CW) doses.

pH⁽¹⁾ (1) pH: hydrogen potential; EC: electrical conductivity; TDS: total dissolved solids; N: nitrogen; P: phosphorus; K: potassium; Ca: calcium; Mg: magnesium.	EC	TDS	N	P	K	Ca	Mg
	dS m^-1	^{____________________________________________________________} mg L^-1 ^{____________________________________________________________}
3.71⁽²⁾ (2) First application of cassava wastewater.	8.5	2,306	81.4	1,205.9	5,480.4	517.7	209.0
3.71⁽³⁾ (3) Second application of cassava wastewater.	9.2	2,473	78.5	1,227.7	5,525.8	402.2	530.4

SV	DF	PH	SD	NL	LA	TC	Chla	Chlb	SDM
SV	DF	cm	mm	NL	cm²	FCI	FCI	FCI	g
Block	3	10.69^ns ns not significant;	1.76^ns ns not significant;	467.55^ns ns not significant;	27.74^ns ns not significant;	1.37^ns ns not significant;	0.65^ns ns not significant;	0.33^ns ns not significant;	5.71^ns ns not significant;
MF	2	27.30^* * significant at p ≤ 0.05;	7.39^ significant at p ≤ 0.01.	1,505.12^ significant at p ≤ 0.01.	184.58^ significant at p ≤ 0.01.	57.29^ significant at p ≤ 0.01.	38.54^ significant at p ≤ 0.01.	2.06^ns ns not significant;	48.13^ significant at p ≤ 0.01.
CW	4	287.71^ significant at p ≤ 0.01.	16.60^ significant at p ≤ 0.01.	12,276.96^ significant at p ≤ 0.01.	262.83^ significant at p ≤ 0.01.	90.43^ significant at p ≤ 0.01.	51.93^ significant at p ≤ 0.01.	5.36^ significant at p ≤ 0.01.	113.16^ significant at p ≤ 0.01.
MF x CW	8	23.88^ significant at p ≤ 0.01.	1.13^ns ns not significant;	2,326.58^ significant at p ≤ 0.01.	58.74^* * significant at p ≤ 0.05;	21.12^ significant at p ≤ 0.01.	9.93^ significant at p ≤ 0.01.	2.42^ significant at p ≤ 0.01.	4.84^ns ns not significant;
Residual	42	7.21	0.63	219.99	23.56	3.71	1.72	0.67	3.52
Mean	-	56.21	11.65	201.67	57.17	35.61	28.09	7.49	31.01
CV (%)	-	4.78	6.79	7.35	8.49	5.41	4.68	10.98	6.05

SV	DF	NF	Y	FFM	FDM	FL	FD	FTL	FWT
SV	DF	NF	t ha-1	^{_______________} g ^{_______________}		^{______________________________} mm ^{______________________________}
Block	3	189.00^ significant at p ≤ 0.01.	4.12^ns ns not significant;	0.02^ns ns not significant;	0.00^ns ns not significant;	0.12^ns ns not significant;	6.14^* * significant at p ≤ 0.05;	3.64^ns ns not significant;	0.69^ significant at p ≤ 0.01.
MF	2	18,084.20^ significant at p ≤ 0.01.	51.22^ significant at p ≤ 0.01.	0.78^ significant at p ≤ 0.01.	0.01^ significant at p ≤ 0.01.	28.91^ significant at p ≤ 0.01.	0.81^ns ns not significant;	1.49^ns ns not significant;	0.57^ significant at p ≤ 0.01.
CW	4	4,476.36^ significant at p ≤ 0.01.	24.13^ significant at p ≤ 0.01.	2.35^ significant at p ≤ 0.01.	0.03^ significant at p ≤ 0.01.	56.54^ significant at p ≤ 0.01.	23.51^ significant at p ≤ 0.01.	9.34^ significant at p ≤ 0.01.	0.66^ significant at p ≤ 0.01.
MF x CW	8	292.72^ significant at p ≤ 0.01.	0.32^ns ns not significant;	0.17^ significant at p ≤ 0.01.	0.00^ significant at p ≤ 0.01.	29.39^ significant at p ≤ 0.01.	4.94^* * significant at p ≤ 0.05;	6.16^ significant at p ≤ 0.01.	0.08^ns ns not significant;
Residual	42	71.95	1.52	0.02	0.01	5.59	2.03	1.64	0.07
Mean	-	83.30	4.18	2.07	0.30	27.39	15.62	6.39	2.41
CV (%)	-	10.18	29.46	7.31	6.15	8.63	9.12	20.03	10.47

[TFN1] ⁽¹⁾
pH: hydrogen potential; EC: electrical conductivity; TDS: total dissolved solids; N: nitrogen; P: phosphorus; K: potassium; Ca: calcium; Mg: magnesium.

[TFN2] ⁽²⁾
First application of cassava wastewater.

[TFN3] ⁽³⁾
Second application of cassava wastewater.

Brasil

Brasil

Use of cassava wastewater in Capsicum chinense production

Uso de água residuária de mandioca na produção de Capsicum chinense

ABSTRACT