Tomato grafting onto Solanaceae genotypes to control bacterial wilt (<i>Ralstonia solanacearum</i> Smith 1896)

Carvalho, Lívia Tálita da Silva; Melo, Danilo Mesquita; Vargas, Pablo Forlan; Santos, Helane Cristina Aguiar; Ferreira, Jessica Vasconcelos

doi:10.1590/1983-40632020v5063476

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Research Article • Pesqui. Agropecu. Trop. 50 • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-40632020v5063476 copy

Tomato grafting onto Solanaceae genotypes to control bacterial wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum Smith 1896)

Enxertia de tomateiro em genótipos de solanáceas para o controle da murcha bacteriana (Ralstonia solanacearum Smith 1896)

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

The tomato cultivation in the Amazon is not feasible mainly due to the natural infestation of Ralstonia solanacearum in the soil. Preventive control through grafting has been one of the main alternatives to manage this problem. This study aimed to evaluate the compatibility of Solanaceae genotypes as rootstocks for 'Santa Clara' tomato, aiming to control the bacterial wilt. Five rootstocks were evaluated: cubiu; red jurubeba; jurubebão; commercial hybrid tomato rootstock Guardião; and 'Santa Clara' tomato (self-grafting). In the seedling phase, characteristics of rootstock survival rate and compatibility were evaluated; while, in the field, that happened for survival rate, compatibility and fruit yield. In the seedling phase, Guardião and red jurubeba showed the best performances. In the field, red jurubeba presented a low compatibility, although it obtained the best productive performance among the wild rootstocks. Guardião obtained the best compatibility and yield among the studied rootstocks. Grafting is a viable technique for tomato production under soil-borne disease conditions.

KEYWORDS:
Solanum stramoniifolium ; Solanum crinitum ; Solanum sessiliflorum

Treatment	Survival percentage
Cubiu	100 a
Red jurubeba	100 a
Jurubebão	83 a
Guardião	100 a
Self-grafting	100 a
F test	1.9^ns
CV (%)	6.37

Treatment	SH	NL	SD	RD	FLM	DLM	FSM	DSM
Treatment	cm	NL	^____________ mm ^____________		^{__________________________________} g ^{__________________________________}
Cubiu	27.00 b	4.50 ab	4.46 a	7.54 a	2.88 ab	0.34 ab	4.76 bc	0.40 bc
Red jurubeba	45.25 a	5.75 a	4.52 a	4.45 b	3.53 a	0.40 a	6.64 ab	0.92 a
Jurubebão	18.75 b	4.00 b	3.77 a	5.30 b	1.41 b	0.13 b	1.98 d	0.20 c
Guardião	52.00 a	3.75 b	3.62 a	4.42 b	2.22 ab	0.21 ab	7.72 a	0.67 ab
Self-grafting	52.50 a	4.25 ab	4.06 a	4.31 b	3.48 a	0.33 ab	4.49 c	0.41 bc
F test	34.51^ Significant by the F test at 1 % of probability;	3.93^* * significant by the F test at 5 % of probability;	1.97^ns ns not significant at 5 % of probability; CV: coefficient of variation.	15.13^ Significant by the F test at 1 % of probability;	6.85^ Significant by the F test at 1 % of probability;	3.95^* * significant by the F test at 5 % of probability;	21.94^ Significant by the F test at 1 % of probability;	18.37^ Significant by the F test at 1 % of probability;
CV (%)	13.37	17.64			25.34	37.51	18.37	24.84

Treatment	PS - 30 DAT	PS - 62 DAT	CI
Cubiu	100.00 a	87.50 a	0.97 a
Red jurubeba	100.00 a	100.00 a	0.71 b
Jurubebão	100.00 a	93.75 a	1.00 a
Guardião	100.00 a	100.00 a	0.99 a
Self-grafting	87.50 a	6.25 b	-
F test	1.00^ns ns not significant at 5 % of probability.	21.59^ Significant by the F test at 1 % of probability;	12.13^ Significant by the F test at 1 % of probability;
CV (%)	11.46	21.68	8.50

Treatment	NFP	FFM	DFM	TD	LD	SS	Yield
Treatment	NFP	^{_______________} g ^{_______________}		^{_______________} mm ^{_______________}		SS	kg ha^-1
Cubiu	6.00 c	27.93 a	1.58 a	39.60 a	35.27 a	3.08 a	2,534.47 c
Red jurubeba	12.18 b	32.02 a	1.45 a	41.81 a	39.29 a	3.00 a	7,410.42 b
Jurubebão	2.93 c	26.36 a	0.96 a	36.08 a	34.36 a	3.10 a	1,859.47 c
Guardião	23.18 a	35.91 a	1.21 a	44.46 a	39.62 a	3.10 a	1,2497.68 a
F test	70.86^ Significant by the F test at 1 % of probability;	2.19^ns ns not significant at 5 % of probability.	1.04^ns ns not significant at 5 % of probability.	0.99^ns ns not significant at 5 % of probability.	0.14^ns ns not significant at 5 % of probability.	0.14^ns ns not significant at 5 % of probability.	26.29^ Significant by the F test at 1 % of probability;
CV (%)	19.17	18.99	40.96	17.63	9.30	8.61	31.74

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