Contribution of phenolic acids and dimethyl sulfone to the allelopathic effect of invasive <i>Tridax procumbens</i>

Andriana, Yusuf; Xuan, Tran Dang

doi:10.1590/1983-40632020v5064792

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Scientific Note • Pesqui. Agropecu. Trop. 50 • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-40632020v5064792 copy

Contribution of phenolic acids and dimethyl sulfone to the allelopathic effect of invasive Tridax procumbens

Contribuição de ácidos fenólicos e dimetilsulfona para o efeito alelopático de Tridax procumbens invasivo

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Tridax procumbens is an invasive weed with a strong allelopathic activity. In this study, the contribution of phenolic acids and dimethyl sulfone to the allelopathic effect of T. procumbens was evaluated against Raphanus sativus. Phenolic acids (benzoic, ellagic and ferulic), vanillin and dimethyl sulfone were identified and quantified from the strongest fraction of T. procumbens, in an allelopathic assay by high performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography - mass spectrometry. The contribution of phenolic acids and dimethyl sulfone to the allelopathic effect of T. procumbens, expressed as a total activity, was evaluated by comparing the IC₅₀ value to the concentration of each allelochemical, in a completely randomized design. The benzoic acid presented the strongest inhibitory effect (115 mg kg^-1) and the highest contribution (0.483) to the allelopathic effect of T. procumbens, followed by vanillin, dimethyl sulfone and ferulic acid.

KEYWORDS:
Invasive weed; benzoic acid; ferulic acid; vanillin

Compound	Concentration (mg kg^-1 of dry weight)
Vanillin	291.7
Ferulic acid	2.8
Benzoic acid	55.9
Ellagic acid	14.1
Dimethyl sulfone	23.2

Treatment	Concentration (mg mL^-1)	Inhibition (%)
Treatment	Concentration (mg mL^-1)	Germination	Root length	Shoot height
Vanillin	1.00	26.67 ± 11.55 b	50.32 ± 24.47 bc	43.04 ± 9.79 b
	0.50	3.33 ± 5.77 d	48.05 ± 17.21 bc	36.52 ± 3.98 bc
	0.25	0.00 ± 0.00 d	30.19 ± 10.41 c	33.04 ± 11.09 bc
Ferulic acid	1.00	0.00 ± 0.00 d	68.51 ± 6.26 b	30.38 ± 32.93 bc
	0.50	0.00 ± 0.00 d	47.05 ± 16.59 bc	23.04 ± 10.35 bc
	0.25	0.00 ± 0.00 d	44.16 ± 7.3 bc	18.69 ± 1.99 bc
Benzoic acid	1.00	100.00 ± 0.00 a	100.00 ± 0.00 a	100.00 ± 0.00 a
	0.50	23.33 ± 32.15 bc	70.78 ± 12.20 b	43.04 ± 32.01 b
	0.25	6.67 ± 5.77 cd	66.23 ± 7.38 b	38.69 ± 13.80 bc
Ellagic acid	1.00	0.00 ± 0.00 d	(+) 43.18 ± 8.66 e	13.07 ± 9.50 c
	0.50	0.00 ± 0.00 d	(+) 54.36 ± 29.74 e	(+) 26.18 ± 15.23 c
	0.25	0.00 ± 0.00 d	(+) 43.50 ± 24.47 e	(+) 17.39 ± 9.13 c
Dimethyl sulfone	1.00	0.00 ± 0.00 d	17.70 ± 0.35 d	32.20 ± 2.54 bc
	0.50	0.00 ± 0.00 d	12.28 ± 1.33 d	10.34 ± 4.36 c
	0.25	0.00 ± 0.00 d	10.51 ± 0.30 d	18.36 ± 5.17 b
Control	0.00	0.00 ± 0.00 d	0.00 ± 0.00 d	0.00 ± 0.00 d

Compound	Concentration(mg kg^-1)	^____ Specific activity (IC₅₀; mg kg^-1) ^____			^____________ Total activity (C/IC₅₀) ^____________
Compound	Concentration(mg kg^-1)	Germination	Root	Shoot	Germination	Root	Shoot
Vanillin	291.7	-	818	1,226	-	0.3620	0.2820
Ferulic acid	2.8	-	603	1,601	-	0.0054	0.0027
Benzoic acid	55.9	629	115	212	0.09	0.4830	0.2630
Ellagic acid	14.1	-	-	-	-	-	-
Dimethyl sulfone	23.2	-	2,258	1,827	-	0.0130	0.0120

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[TFN1] Data expressed by means and standard deviations (±). Means within a column followed by a similar letter are not significantly different by the Tukey test (p < 0.05). (+) = promote.