Clinodiplosis Kieffer, 1895 (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) is a cosmopolitan genus known from 103 species, the majority mycophagous. Based on literature and data from the Cecidomyiidae collection of Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, the diversity of Clinodiplosis in Brazil is surveyed and information about the species, their habits and galls are shown. The genus is represented in Brazil by 57 species (17 described and 40 not determined), which means about 16% of the described species total and 74% of the Neotropical fauna. The majority of species found in Brazil are gall inducers (81%) and the half of these induces leaf galls. Bud, flower and stem were other galled plant organs. The species are associated to thirty plant families, being more common on Asteraceae, Myrtaceae and Verbenaceae. Most of them were collected in Atlantic forest, mainly in "restinga", and São Paulo supports the greatest number of recorded species. Eight new records of host plant are presented.
Geographic distribution; Diversity; Richness; Gall; Host-plant
