Astyanax rupununi Fowler, 1914, previously considered a junior synonym of A. bimaculatus (Linnaeus, 1758), is herein proposed as a valid species. The two species may be distinguished by the presence in A. rupununi of a single black club-shaped lateral stripe, the smaller body and caudal peduncle depths, and by the fewer teeth cuspids. Two new species, with the same basic color pattern of Fowler's species, are described: A. clavitaeniatus sp. n. from the upper Branco river, Roraima State, Amazonia, Brazil, and A. siapae sp. n. from the Casiquiare-Orinoco basin, Amazonas and Apure States, Venezuela. A key to the identification of Astyanax species sharing this color pattern is presented.
Astyanax bimaculatus; Astyanax rupununi; A. clavitaeniatus n. sp.; A. siapae n. sp; revalidation; description
