A catalogue of Cephalotini ant types (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae) deposited in the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil

A catalogue of Cephalotini ant types (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae) deposited in the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil

Lívia P. Prado^I,II; Carlos Roberto F. Brandão^I,III

^IMuseu de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo. Caixa Postal 42.494, 04218-970, São Paulo, SP, Brasil

^IIEmail: [e-mail]

^IIIEmail: [e-mail]

ABSTRACT

The Hymenoptera laboratory of the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo (MZSP) houses one of the most representative collections of Neotropical ants worldwide. This is due to the wide geographical distribution of its specimens, and also because of the comparatively large number of types and taxa represented. The catalogue, following the general recommendations of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, lists types of the tribe Cephalotini deposited in the collection of MZSP; also providing information regarding labels, original publications, state of conservation of specimens, taxonomic status of listed species, and their current classification when different from the original. An index for the listed taxa is also provided. In total, the catalogue lists types of 43 nominal species, of which 23 are still valid, from the two recognized genera Cephalotes and Procryptocerus (four represented by holotypes, 17 by holotypes and paratypes, 15 by paratypes, five by syntypes, one by a lectotype and one by a neotype).

Key-Words: Catalogue; Hymenoptera; Ant Types; Cephalotini; MZSP.

RESUMO

O acervo de Formicidae do Laboratório de Hymenoptera do Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo (MZSP) abriga uma das coleções mais representativas de formigas Neotropicais, devido à ampla distribuição geográfica dos espécimes nela depositados e também pela grande quantidade de tipos e táxons que abriga. No presente catálogo, seguindo as recomendações gerais do Código Internacional de Nomenclatura Zoológica, apresentamos uma lista dos tipos da tribo Cephalotini depositados na coleção do MZSP, reproduzindo também informações contidas nos rótulos e nas publicações originais, o estado de conservação dos espécimes, o status taxonômico bem como sua atual classificação, quando diferente da original, além de um índice para os táxons catalogados. No total o catálogo lista 43 espécies nominais, das quais 23 são ainda válidas dos dois gêneros reconhecidos, Cephalotes e Procryptocerus (representadas por quatro holótipos, 17 holótipos com parátipos, 15 parátipos, cinco síntipos, um lectótipo e um neótipo).

Palavras-Chave: Catálogo; Hymenoptera; Tipos de formigas; Cephalotini; MZSP.

INTRODUCTION

Zoological collections are considered important tools for the identification of ants by comparison and serve as depositories for type specimens, typically representing local and/or regional faunas (Lauk et al., 2003). The Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo (MZSP) holds one of the most important collections of ants worldwide (Brandão, 2000), with emphasis on the Neotropical region.

Our aim is to encourage further studies and also to avoid unnecessary movement of valuable, sometimes unique, specimens, and at the same time follow recommendation 72F of the ICZN (1999) about institutional responsibility: "every institution in which name-bearing types are deposited should make them accessible for studies, publish lists of name-bearing types in its possession or custody, and so far as possible, communicate information concerning name-bearing types". The present catalogue is the sixth of a series aiming to list all ant types hereby deposited. We have published thus far catalogues of the types of Attini (Klingenberg & Brandão, 2005), "Poneromorph" ants (Scott-Santos et al., 2008), Pseudomyrmecinae (Brandão et al., 2010), "Dorylomorph" ants (Esteves et al., 2011), and Dacetini and Solenopsidini (Ulysséa & Brandão, in press).

The tribe Cephalotini is endemic to the Neotropical region and includes two genera, Cephalotes Latreille (1802) with 131 valid species (De Andrade & Baroni Urbani, 1999; Bolton, 2007) (the second largest endemic ant genus in the Neotropics) and Procryptocerus Emery (1887) with 45 valid species (Bolton, 2007). The taxonomy of Cephalotini is comparatively well studied, in particular because of the recent revisions of Cephalotes made by De Andrade & Baroni Urbani (1999) and of Central American Procyptocerus by Longino & Snelling (2002).

The ant tribe Cephalotini is a group of Neotropical stem-nesting species (Longino & Snelling, 2002), sometimes referred to as turtle ants. In general, cephalotines are arboreal, slow, with body shape slightly flattened ventrally with dorsal spines or angles on the mesosoma, petiole and postpetiole (Fernandéz, 2003). Cephalotes has as its main features a diet based largely on pollen (a very abundant resource that is dispersed by wind over leafs), nests enlarged from pre-existing plant cavities, flat and bizarre appearance, and behave like a caste of soldiers devoted essentially to nest defense. In Procryptocerus the workers are strictly monomorphic (Wheeler, 1984) and can be separated from Cephalotes by a combination of characters: antennal scrobes extending back almost to vertexal margin, eyes situated below the scrobe, frontal carinae not covering the genae from above, pronotum without spines or teeth, metatarsus not compressed, and petiole and postpetiole without projecting spines, teeth, or tubercles (De Andrade & Baroni Urbani, 1999; Longino & Snelling, 2002).

The purpose of the present catalogue is to list the Cephalotini type specimens deposited in the MZSP, and also to provide label information, conservation status of the specimens, and the current taxonomic situation of the correspondent nominal species, according to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (1999).

MATERIAL AND METHODS

For the building of this catalogue, information from labels associated to Cephalotini ant types in MZSP was compared with the original descriptions listed in Antweb.org (Fisher, 2012). The nomenclature of Cephalotini type specimens was updated following the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (1999).

The combination of type names within genera and species is quoted in alphabetical order. The following abbreviations are used: col. = collector, coll. = collection, leg. = legitimate, g. = gyne, m. = male, s. = soldier, w. = worker; to indicate conservation status of the specimens, the following abbreviations are used: A = antenna, A1 representing the left antenna; A2 representing the right antenna; L = leg, L1, L2 and L3 representing the left legs and L4, L5 and L6 the right legs and W = wing, W1 and W2 representing the anterior and posterior left wings respectively, and W3 and W4 representing the right wings.

To record information related to the MZSP Cephalotini types, the following order is hereby adopted: species name, author, publication year, page numbers, type category, number of type specimens of each sex or caste, country, state/province, city, locality, collecting date, collector, original collection name, collection number or collection code (in the original language). When necessary, we comment on the conservation conditions of the types, indicating broken or missing body parts. We also present the taxonomic status for each entry. Additional information (corrections or clarifications) and data present in publications, but not recorded in labels, are presented in brackets. Also, we provide an index of all valid names listed in the current catalogue and, when necessary, their respective synonyms. Taxonomic information about the species listed here can be found in Bolton (2007, version: July 1, 2011).

RESULTS

The present catalogue includes types of 43 nominal species (23 valid), including 544 individuals (463 workers, 42 soldiers, 33 gynes and six males) of the two recognized Cephalotini genera (Cephalotes and Procryptocerus). Four Cephalotini species are represented in the MZSP by holotypes only, 17 by holotypes and paratypes, 15 by paratypes, five by syntypes, one by a lectotype and one by a neotype.

Subfamily Myrmicinae

Tribe Cephalotini

Genus Cephalotes Latreille

Hypocryptocerus haemorroidalis susbp. auricomus Wheeler, W.M. 1936: 202. Syntype: 1 w. R[EPUBLIC] DOM[INICAN], Sanchéz, 1116.v.[19]15, Gift of M.W. Wheeler, 22624. Syntype: 1 w. R[EPUBLIC] DOM[INICAN], San Lorenzo, 2729.vi.[19]15, Gift of W.M. Wheeler, 22624. Combination in Zacryptocerus: Brandão, 1991: 384; in Cephalotes: Baroni Urbani, 1998: 328. Raised to species: De Andrade & Baroni Urbani, 1999: 89.

Cephalotes betoi De Andrade & Baroni Urbani, 1999: 347. Holotype: 1 w. Paratypes: 12 s., 183 w. BRASIL, Distrito Federal, Reserva Biológica de Águas Emendadas, 2730.vi.1991, C.R.F. Brandão, M.L. Françoso & A.A. Reis cols, Isca [de] sardinha (dia-solo), berlese, isca [de] mel (dia-vegetação), tronco 03 cm. Paratypes: One worker missing L1 (femur); other missing L1 (femur); other missing L1 (tarsus); other missing L1 (tibia); other missing L3 (tarsus).

Cryptocerus bivestitus Santschi, 1922: 254. Paratype: 1 w. ARGENTINA, Catamarca, Hualfin, Weiser leg. Missing part of gaster. Combination in Paracryptocerus (Harnedia): Kempf, 1958: 38; in Zacryptocerus: Brandão, 1991: 384; in Cephalotes: De Andrade & Baroni Urbani, 1999: 677. Comment: With additional label "Co-(topo)type".

Paracryptocerus (Paracryptocerus) borgmeieri Kempf, 1951: 211. Paratype: 1 w. ARGENTINA, Misiones [Province], Iguazu, [no date], N. Kusnezov [col.], [Coll. T. Borgmeier] 5330. Combination in Zacryptocerus: Brandão, 1991: 385; in Cephalotes: Baroni Urbani, 1998: 323.

Paracryptocerus (Harnedia) coffeae Kempf, 1953: 81. Holotype: 1 w. Paratypes: 3 g., 2 m., 2 s., 11 w. COLOMBIA, Cundinamarca, Tibacuy, 1500 m, [Granja Cafetera "Alberto J. Williamson"], [Ninho em ramo verde de cafeeiro], Coffea arabica L., 13.iii.1952, Bernel [and] Mendoza [cols], n. 335, 337. Holotype: Missing L5 (tarsus). Paratypes: One gyne, disarticulated head, missing A1, A2 (funiculus), L1 (tarsus), L4, L5 (tarsus), part of gaster; one disarticulated male genitalia; other has only head; one worker missing A2, L1, L5 (femur), L6 (tarsus). Combination in Zacryptocerus: Brandão, 1991: 385; in Cephalotes: De Andrade & Baroni Urbani, 1999: 560.

Cephalotes decemspinosus Santschi, 1920: 148. Lectotype: 1 w. GUYANE FRANÇ[AI]SE, S[ain]t-Jean-du-Maroni, [no date, no col.], Collection Le Moult, 3805. Junior synonym of Cephalotes marginatus: De Andrade & Baroni Urbani, 1999: 124.

Cephalotes decolor De Andrade, in De Andrade & Baroni Urbani, 1999: 512. Holotype: 1 w. Paratypes: 3 s., 16 w. VENEZUELA, Sucre, Parque Nacional Mochima, 50 m, 02.x.1986, E. Cancello & [C.R.F.] Brandão [cols]. Paratype: One worker missing head.

Cephalotes dentidorsum De Andrade, in De Andrade & Baroni Urbani, 1999: 734. Holotype: 1 w. PERU, Valle Chanchamayo, 800 m, 01.viii.1939, Weyrauch leg., 193.

Paracryptocerus (Harnedia) fleddermanni Kempf, 1958: 87. Holotype: 1 s. Paratype: 1 w. [BRAZIL], S[ão] P[aulo], S[ão] Sebastião, 30.i.1955, B. Fledderman, #3. Holotype: missing A1, L1 and L2 (tarsus), L3 (tibia), L4 (tarsus). Paratype: missing L3 (tarsus). Paratype: 1 w. [BRAZIL], S[ão] P[aulo], S[ão] Sebastião, 05.ii.1953, W. Kempf leg., 751. Missing L2 (tarsus). Junior synonym of Cephalotes notatus: Kempf, 1967: 367. Comment: We also found in the collection five workers and one soldier labeled as metatypes ([BRAZIL], S[ão] P[aulo], S[ão] Sebastião, 06.iii.1958, W. Kempf, 2376, nº 392, Kempf det.).

Cryptocerus fossithorax Santschi, 1921: 125. Cotype [syntype]: 1 w. [ARGENTINA, Río Negro], Viedna, [no date, Dr. Hildemann col.]. Combination in Paracryptocerus (Harnedia): Kempf, 1958: 58; in Zacryptocerus: Brandão, 1991: 386; in Cephalotes: De Andrade & Baroni Urbani, 1999: 635.

Cryptocerus peltatus st. ellenriederi var. gaudens Santschi, 1922: 255. Paratype: 1 s. ARGENTINA, Alta Gracia, La Granja, Sierra de Córdoba, February [ii].1921, C. Bruchi leg. Unavailable name; material referred to Cephalotes jheringi by Kempf, 1958: 50.

Cephalotes liepini De Andrade & Baroni Urbani, 1999: 398. Holotype: 1 w. Paratypes: 1 g., 7 w. BRASIL, Go[iás], Alvorada do Norte, Faz[enda] Mattos, 0812.vii.1991, S.T.P. Amarante & C.F. Martins cols (3 w – bandeja d'água), C.R.F. Brandão col. (poço, isca – mel, dia – vegetação).

Cryptocerus liogaster Santschi, 1916: 381. Paratype: 1 w. ARGENTINA, Five[s] Lille, Bruch leg., C.B. 3877. Missing L2 and L3. Combination in Paracryptocerus (Harnedia): Kempf, 1958: 25; in Zacryptocerus: Brandão, 1991: 386; in Cephalotes: De Andrade & Baroni Urbani, 1999: 658.

Paracryptocerus (Paracryptocerus) manni Kempf, 1951: 228. Holotype: 1 w. Paratype: 1 w. [BRAZIL], Est[ado do] Pará, Cach[oeira] Breu, x.[19]28, Sampaio [col., Coll. T. Borgmeier]. Holotype: Missing L3 and L5 (tarsus). Paratype: Missing A2 (funiculus). Combination in Zacryptocerus: Brandão, 1991: 387; in Cephalotes: De Andrade & Baroni Urbani, 1999: 237.

Cryptocerus varians subsp. marginata Wheeler, W.M. & Mann, 1914: 39. Lectotypes [syntypes]: 2 s., 1 w. Paratypes [syntypes]: 3 w. HAITI, Diquini, [no date], W.M. Mann. Lectotypes: Two soldiers missing L3 (tarsus); one worker missing L1 and L2 (tarsus). Paratypes: One worker missing L3 (tarsus); other missing head. Junior synonym of Cephalotes pallens: Kempf, 1958: 151. Replacement name: Cephalotes decoloratus De Andrade, in De Andrade & Baroni Urbani, 1999: 508. Comment: The specimens were labeled incorrectly and, following the recommendations of the ICZN, we consider these specimens as syntypes.

Cephalotes nilpiei De Andrade, in De Andrade & Baroni Urbani, 1999: 381. Holotype: 1 w. Paratypes: 2 s., 9 w. [BRASIL, Rio de Janeiro], P[ar]q[ue], Nac[ional de] Itatiaia, 9501000 m, 15.xii.1966, H. Reichardt col. Paratypes: One worker missing L1 (tarsus); one soldier missing L1 (tibia), L3 (tarsus).

Cephalotes pallidoides De Andrade, in De Andrade & Baroni Urbani, 1999: 480. Holotype: 1 s. Paratypes: 1 m., 8 w. BRASIL, M[ato] G[rosso], Rio Papagaio, Utiariti (325 m), vii.[1]961, K. Lenko col., 1691. Paratype: One male missing A1.

Cephalotes pallidus De Andrade, in De Andrade & Baroni Urbani, 1999: 473. Paratypes: 2 s., 7 w. B[RITISH] G[UIANA], Kartabo, Jul.[vii], Aug.[viii].1920, W.M. Wheeler [col.]. Paratypes: One worker missing L3 tarsus; other missing A1 (part of funiculus); other missing L1 (tibia).

Cephalotes palustris De Andrade, in De Andrade & Baroni Urbani, 1999: 322. Paratype: 1 w. B[RITISH] G[UIANA], Kartabo, jul.aug.[vii.viii]1920, W.M. Wheeler [col.]. Comment: There is a label with misidentification determined by W. Kempf as Cryptocerus pavonni.

Paracryptocerus (Harnedia) patei Kempf, 1951: 235. Paratypes: 2 s., 3 w. COLOMBIA, S[outh] A[merica], [locality unknown; taken from imported orchids of the genus Cattleya, in Hoboken, New Jersey, USA], in Cattleya 10.iv.[19]46, Hoboken-5773, 468631, [Coll. T. Borgmeier]. One soldier missing L6 (tibia). Combination in Zacryptocerus: Brandão, 1991: 387; in Cephalotes: De Andrade & Baroni Urbani, 1999: 517.

Cephalotes pavonii Latreille, 1809: 132. Neholotype [Neotype]: 1 w. PERU, Victoria, Junín, 01.vii.1938, W.F. Walker [leg.]. Combination in Paracryptocerus: Kempf, 1951: 222; in Zacryptocerus: Brandão, 1991: 387; in Cephalotes: Baroni Urbani, 1998: 326; De Andrade & Baroni Urbani, 1999: 325. Comment: bears a label saying "Paracryptocerus pavonii Latreille", W.W. Kempf det.

Cephalotes persimilis De Andrade, in De Andrade & Baroni Urbani, 1999: 441. Holotype: 1 s. Paratypes: 1 s., 1 w. [BRAZIL], Ba[h]ia, Feira de Santana, Tanquinho, 08.xii.1953, C.R. Gonçalves [col.]. Paratype: One worker missing L2 and L3, disarticulated postpetiole and gaster.

Cephalotes persimplex De Andrade, in De Andrade & Baroni Urbani, 1999: 449. Paratypes: 1 g., 1 s., 1 w. BOLIV[IA], Reyes, Mulford Biol[ogical] Exp[edition], [x.]19211922, W.M. Mann col. One gyne missing L3 (tibia); one soldier missing L3 (tarsus); one worker missing L3 (tibia).

Cephalotes pileini De Andrade, in De Andrade & Baroni Urbani, 1999: 385. Paratypes: 1 s., 1 w. [ARGENTINA], Córdoba, La Carlota, Silvestri [col.], 4359.

Cryptocerus (Cyathocephalus) rohweri Wheeler, W.M. 1916: 32. Paratypes: 1 s., 1 w. [UNITED STATES OF AMERICA], Ariz[ona], [Santa Catalina Montains], Buchman Can[yon], Cercidium torreyanum, M[r.] Chrisman col., Hopk U.S. 10193. Combination in Cryptocerus (Cryptocerus): Smith, M.R. 1947: 34; in Paracryptocerus (Harnedia): Smith, M.R. 1951: 825; in Zacryptocerus: Smith, D.R. 1979: 1403; in Cephalotes: De Andrade & Baroni Urbani, 1999: 568.

Paracryptocerus (Paracryptocerus) simillimus Kempf, 1951: 184. Paratypes: 3 s., 5 w. B[RITISH] G[UIANA], Kartabo, Jul.Aug.[vii.viii].1920. W.M. Wheeler Collection. One soldier missing L2 (tarsus); other missing L1 (tarsal claw); one worker missing L3 (tibia); other missing L2 and L3 (tibia), postpetiole and gaster; other disarticulated head, mesosoma and gaster, missing L3, L4, L5 and L6; other missing L2 and L5 (tibia). Combination in Zacryptocerus: Brandão, 1991: 388; in Cephalotes: De Andrade & Baroni Urbani, 1999: 208.

Paracryptocerus (Harnedia) sobrius Kempf, 1958: 119. Holotype: 1 s. Paratypes: 5 g. GUATEMALA, [intercepted by U.S. Plant Quarantine Inspectors at Hoboken New Jersey on imported Epidendron aromaticum], Epidendrum aromaticum pseudobulbs. 14.v.[19]46, Hoboken-6238, 468236. Holotype: missing L1 (tibia) and L2 (tarsus). Paratypes: One gyne missing wings, part of gaster and L2 (tarsus); other missing wings, L2 (tarsus), L3 (tibia); other missing part of the head; other missing part of W1, W2, W3. Combination in Zacryptocerus: Hespenheide, 1986: 395; in Cephalotes: De Andrade & Baroni Urbani, 1999: 602.

Zacryptocerus solidus Kempf, 1974: 73. Holotype: 1 w. [BRASIL], Am[azonas], Manaus, Col[ônia] S[an]to Antônio, 11.vi.1971, [Coll.] INPA #16, [WWK nº] 6666. Combination in Cephalotes: De Andrade & Baroni Urbani, 1999: 183.

Cephalotes toltecus De Andrade, in De Andrade & Baroni Urbani, 1999: 579. Holotype: 1 s. Paratypes: 3 s., 6 w. MEX[ICO], Jalisco, 19 mi NW Magdalena, 3000' nesting in vine, 01.viii.1971, R.J. Hamton col.

Zacryptocerus ustus Kempf, 1973: 450. Holotype: 1 w. Paratype: 1 w. [BRAZIL], M[inas] G[erais], Pedra Azul, 800 m, xi.1972, [C.A.C.] Seabra [and] M. Alvarenga [leg.], [Coll. W.W. Kempf], [nº] 8816. Combination in Cephalotes: De Andrade & Baroni Urbani, 1999: 283.

Hypocryptocerus haemorrhoidalis subsp. vinosus Wheeler, W.M. 1936: 202. Syntypes: 3 w. HAITI, M[oun]t Rochelois, [nesting in a beech, very pugnacious], W.J. Eyerdam, Gift of W.M. Wheeler, 21088. One worker missing L4 and L6 (tarsus). Combination in Zacryptocerus: Brandão, 1991: 384; in Cephalotes: De Andrade & Baroni Urbani, 1999: 98. Raised to species: De Andrade & Baroni Urbani, 1999: 98.

Cryptocerus wheeleri Forel, 1901: 126. Lectotype [syntype]: 1 s. Paratype [syntype]: 1 w. MEX[ICO], Mor[elos], Cuernavaca, in Tillandsia sp., xii.1900, W.M. Wheeler. Paratype: one worker disarticulated head, missing L5 (tarsus) and L6. Combination in Paracryptocerus (Harnedia): Kempf, 1958: 132; in Zacryptocerus: Hespenheide, 1986: 395; in Cephalotes: De Andrade & Baroni Urbani, 1999: 574. Comment: In the original publication Forel (1906) failed to designate a type among the described specimens, but they were mistakenly labeled as Lectotype (1 s.) and paratypes (1 w.); De Andrade & Baroni Urbani (1999) considered these specimens as lectotype and paralectotype, but did not comment on the decision. Following Article 74 and the recommendations, 74.7.2, 74.7.3 and 74C of the ICNZ, we do not consider these specimens as lectotype and paralectotype, but as syntypes. Comment: Cryptocerus pilosus r. fiebrigi Forel, 1906: 235 labeled as cotypes (2 g., 2 m., 2 w. ARGENTINA, Alta Garcia, La Granja, Sierras de Cordoba, 03.ii.1925, C. Bruch leg.). Comment: This locality is not listed in the original publication; we do not consider these specimens as types.

Genus Procryptocerus Emery

Procryptocerus sulcatus subsp. curvistriatus Kempf, 1949: 425. Holotype: 1 w. BRASIL, Espírito Santo, Santa Teresa, [1928], O. Conde leg., [Coll. Borgmeier]. Raised to species: Kempf, 1964: 243. Name valid: Procryptocerus curvistriatus.

Procryptocerus gibbosus Kempf, 1949: 423. Holotype: 1 w. Paratype: 1 w. BRASIL, Espírito Santo, Santa Teresa, [08.xii.1928], O. Conde leg., Coll. Borgmeier, nr. 4293.

Procryptocerus kempfi Longino & Snelling, 2002: 18. Paratype: 1 w. PANAMÁ: Panamá Pr[ovince], Cerro Campana, 850 m, 08º40'N, 79º56'W, 26.vi.1977, H.A. Hespenheide [col.], [barcode] LACM ENT 141597. Missing L2 (tibia).

Procryptocerus lenkoi Kempf, 1969: 283. Holotype: 1 w. Paratypes: 8 g., 3 w. BRAZIL, S[ão] P[aulo], Barueri, 17.ii.1962, K. Lenko col., [DZSP] 4439 [WWK]. Paratype: 1 g. BRASÍLIEN [BRAZIL, Santa Catarina], Nova Teutônia, 27º11'B, 52º23'L, [no date], Fritz Plaumann [col.], 193. Missing L2 and wings.

Procryptocerus marginatus Borgmeier, 1948: 201. Paratypes: 11 g., 2 m., 9 w. [BRAZIL], Bahia, Uruçuca, 1947, P. Silva [col.], #566. One gyne missing wings and L3; other missing W1. Comment: one worker bears a label saying lectotype, but according the original publication, all these specimens are paratypes.

Procryptocerus montanus Kempf, 1957: 400. Holotype: 1 w. Paratypes: 3 g., 1 m., 132 w. [BRAZIL], S[ão] P[aulo], Campos do Jordão, [bairro Jardim Britânia, Abernéssia, Parque do Convento Franciscano], x.1949, 12.x.1956, 16.x.1956, 14.xi.1956, Kempf n. 1610, 1614, 1645. Paratypes: One gyne missing wings; one worker disarticulated gaster, missing L6; other missing L3; other missing L2 (femur), other missing L6 (tibia); other missing L1 (tarsus); other missing L6 (tarsus). Paratype: 1 w. [Brazil], S[ão] Paulo, [x].1950 [in original publication says 1949], I. Krebsbach [leg.].

Procryptocerus nalini Longino & Snelling, 2002: 22. Paratype: 1 w. COSTA RICA, [Province] Heredia, Est[ación] Biol[ógica] La Selva, 50150 m, 10º26'N, 84º01'W [in original publication says 84º00'W], apr[il] [iv].1993, INBioOET, J. Longino #34755, [barcode] INBIO CRI001238545.

Procryptocerus seabrai Kempf, 1964: 248. Holotype: 1 w. [BRAZIL], S[ão] P[aulo], Boracéia, [Biological Station near Salesópolis], 05.ii.1960, F. Lane [col.], 3477. Paratype: 3 w. [Brazil, Rio de Janeiro], G[uana]b[ara], Floresta Tijuca, 29.xi.1959, C.A.C. Seabra [leg.].

Procryptocerus tortuguero Longino & Snelling, 2002: 28. Paratype: 2 w. C[OSTA] R[ICA], Province Limon, Tortuguero, <5m, 10º32'N, 83º31'W, wet forest, in dead branch, 0105.jul[y].1985, J. Longino, #382, [barcode] LACM ENT 141744.

Procryptocerus victoris Kempf, 1960: 437. Holotype: 1 w. Paratypes: 13 w. [BRAZIL], S[ão] P[aulo, Santos highway], Alto da Serra, 15.viii.1958, Kempf & Santos [cols], 2599. Paratype: One worker missing head and L4; other missing L3.

Procryptocerus virgatus Kempf, 1964: 250. Holotype: 1 w. REPUBLIC OF ECUADOR, R. Pastozo, 1700 m, 08.iv.1958, Dr. W. Weyrauch col. Comments: We found three pins labeled as paratypes, cotypes and lectotypes (Procryptocerus subpilosus st. lepidus Forel, 1908: 355. Paratypes: 3 w. [BRAZIL, Santa Catarina], Nr. 2096. Cotype: 1 w. [BRAZIL, Santa Catarina], 2096, det. Kempf. Lectotypes: 2 w. [BRAZIL, Santa Catarina], 2690, Forel det. Raised to species (Procryptocerus lepidus) Kempf, 1964). But the locality recorded on the labels is different from that of the original publication. We do not consider these specimens as types.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We thank Rodrigo M. Feitosa (UFPR) and Ubirajara Martins (MZSP) for helping us to clear up the terminology applied to some type specimens. We thank Francisco Serna for confirming information on Procryptocerus.

Aceito em: 01/03/2013

Impresso em: 30/06/2013

APPENDIX

Index I: Currently valid names of the listed taxa, followed by their original names (if applicable)

Cephalotes auricomus – Hypocryptocerus haemorroidalis susbp. auricomus

Cephalotes betoi

Cephalotes bivestitus – Cryptocerus bivestitus

Cephalotes coffeae – Paracryptocerus (Harnedia) coffeae

Cephalotes decolor

Cephalotes decoloratus – Cryptocerus varians subsp. marginata

Cephalotes dentidorsum

Cephalotes fossithorax – Cryptocerus fossithorax

Cephalotes jheringi – Cryptocerus peltatus st. ellenriederi var. gaudens

Cephalotes liepini

Cephalotes liogaster – Cryptocerus liogaster

Cephalotes manni – Paracryptocerus (Paracryptocerus) manni

Cephalotes marginatus – Cephalotes decemspinosus

Cephalotes nilpiei

Cephalotes notatus – Paracryptocerus (Harnedia) fleddermanni

Cephalotes pallidoides

Cephalotes pallidus

Cephalotes palustris

Cephalotes patei – Paracryptocerus (Harnedia) patei

Cephalotes pavonii

Cephalotes persimilis

Cephalotes persimplex

Cephalotes pileini

Cephalotes rohweri – Cryptocerus (Cyathocephalus) rohweri

Cephalotes simillimus – Paracryptocerus (Paracryptocerus) simillimus

Cephalotes sobrius – Paracryptocerus (Harnedia) sobrius

Cephalotes solidus – Zacryptocerus solidus

Cephalotes toltecus

Cephalotes ustus – Zacryptocerus ustus

Cephalotes vinosus – Hypocryptocerus haemorrhoidalis subsp. vinosus

Cephalotes wheeleri – Cryptocerus wheeleri

Procryptocerus sulcatus subsp. curvistriatus – Procryptocerus sulcatus subsp. curvistriatus

Procryptocerus gibbosus

Procryptocerus kempfi

Procryptocerus lenkoi

Procryptocerus marginatus

Procryptocerus montanus

Procryptocerus nalini

Procryptocerus seabrai

Procryptocerus tortuguero

Procryptocerus victoris

Procryptocerus virgatus

Index II: List of cited synonyms or new combinations, followed by the respective valid names

Hypocryptocerus haemorroidalis susbp. auricomus – Cephalotes auricomus

Cryptocerus bivestitus – Cephalotes bivestitus

Paracryptocerus (Paracryptocerus) borgmeieri – Cephalotes borgmeieri

Paracryptocerus (Harnedia) coffeae – Cephalotes coffeae

Cephalotes decemspinosus – Cephalotes marginatus

Paracryptocerus (Harnedia) fleddermanni – Cephalotes notatus

Cryptocerus peltatus st. ellenriederi var. gaudens – Cephalotes jheringi

Cryptocerus liogaster – Cephalotes liogaster

Paracryptocerus (Paracryptocerus) manni – Cephalotes manni

Cryptocerus varians subsp. marginata – Cephalotes decoloratus

Paracryptocerus (Harnedia) patei – Cephalotes patei

Cryptocerus (Cyathocephalus) rohweri – Cephalotes rohweri

Paracryptocerus (Paracryptocerus) simillimus – Cephalotes simillimus

Paracryptocerus(Harnedia) sobrius – Cephalotes sobrius

Zacryptocerus solidus – Cephalotes solidus

Zacryptocerus ustus – Cephalotes ustus

Hypocryptocerus haemorrhoidalis subsp. vinosus – Cephalotes vinosus

Cryptocerus wheeleri – Cephalotes wheeleri

Procryptocerus sulcatus subsp. curvistriatus – Procryptocerus sulcatus subsp. curvistriatus

• BARONI URBANI, C. 1998. The number of castes in ants, where major is smaller than minor and queens wear the shield of the soldiers. Insectes Sociaux, 45:315-333.
• BOLTON, B. 2007. Bolton's Catalogue and Synopsis. Available at: <http://gap.entclub.org>. Version: 1 July 2011. Access in: Sept./2011.
• BORGMEIER, T. 1948. Die Geschlechtstiere zweier Eciton-Arten und einige andere Ameisen aus Mittel- und Suedamerika (Hym. Formicidae). Revista de Entomologia, Rio de Janeiro, 19:191-206.
• BRANDÃO, C.R.F. 1991. Adendos ao catálogo abreviado das formigas da região Neotropical (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 35:319-412.
• BRANDÃO, C.R.F. 2000. Major regional and type collections of ants (Formicidae) of the world and sources for the identification of ant species. In: Agosti, D.; Majer, J.D.; Alonso, L.E. &Schultz, T.R. Ants Standard methods for measuring and monitoring biodiversity. Washington, Smithsonian Institution Press. p. 172-185.
• BRANDÃO, C.R.F.; ESTEVES, F.A. & PRADO, L.P. 2010. A catalogue of the Pseudomyrmecinae ants type specimens (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) deposited in the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia, 50(45):693-699.
• DE ANDRADE, M.L. & BARONI URBANI, C. 1999. Diversity and adaptation in the ant genus Cephalotes, past and present. Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde, (B), 271:1-889.
• EMERY, C. 1887. Catalogo delle formiche esistenti nelle collezioni del Museo Civico di Genova. Parte terza. Formiche della regione Indo-Malese e dell'Australia (continuazione e fine). Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Serie 2, (25):427-432.
• ESTEVES, F.A.; BRANDÃO, C.R.F. & PRADO, L.P. 2011. The type specimens of "Dorylomorph" ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae: Aenictinae, Ecitoninae, Cerapachyinae, Leptanilloidinae) deposited in the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia, 51(22):341-357.
• FERNANDÉZ, F. 2003. Subfamilia Myrmicinae. In: Fernandéz, F. Introducción a las hormigas de la región Neotropical. Bogotá, Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt. Cap. 22, p. 300-307.
• FISHER, B.L. 2012. Antweb Ants of the world. Available at: <www.antweb.org>. Version: 21 April 2012. Acess in: Oct./2012.
• FOREL, A. 1901. I. Fourmis mexicaines récoltées par M. le professeur W.-M. Wheeler. II. A propos de la classification des fourmis. Annales de la Société Entomologique de Belgique, 45:123-141.
• FOREL, A. 1906. Fourmis néotropiques nouvelles ou peu connues. Annales de la Société Entomologique de Belgique, 50:225-249.
• FOREL, A. 1908. Ameisen aus Sao Paulo (Brasilien), Paraguay etc. gesammelt von Prof. Herm. v. Ihering, Dr. Lutz, Dr. Fiebrig, etc. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Königlichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 58:340-418.
• HESPENHEIDE, H.A. 1986. Mimicry of ants of the genus Zacryptocerus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 94(3):394-408.
• INTERNATIONAL CODE OF ZOOLOGICAL NOMENCLATURE (ICZN). 1999. The International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London.
• KEMPF, W.W. 1949. A new species and subspecies of Procryptocerus from Espírito Santo, Brazil (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Revista de Entomologia, Rio de Janeiro, 20:423-426.
• KEMPF, W.W. 1951. A taxonomic study on the ant tribe Cephalotini (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Revista de Entomologia, Rio de janeiro, 22:1-244.
• KEMPF, W.W. 1953. Uma nova espécie de Paracryptocerus da Colômbia, praga do cafeeiro (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Papéis Avulsos de Departamento de Zoologia, 11:79-88.
• KEMPF, W.W. 1957. Sôbre algumas espécies de Procryptocerus com a descrição duma espécie nova (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 17:395-404.
• KEMPF, W.W. 1958. New studies of the ant tribe Cephalotini (Hym. Formicidae). Studia Entomologica (n.s.), 1:1-168.
• KEMPF, W.W. 1960. Miscellaneous studies on Neotropical ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Studia Entomologica (n.s.), 3:417-466.
• KEMPF, W.W. 1964. Additions to the knowledge of the Cephalotini ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia, 16:243-255.
• KEMPF, W.W. 1967. A new revisionary note on the genus Paracryptocerus Emery (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Studia Entomologica (n.s.), 10:361-368.
• KEMPF, W.W. 1969. Miscellaneous studies on Neotropical ants. V. (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Studia Entomologica, 12:273-296.
• KEMPF, W.W. 1973. A new Zacryptocerus from Brazil, with remarks on the generic classification of the tribe Cephalotini (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Studia Entomologica, 16:449-462.
• KEMPF, W.W. 1974. Taxonomic and faunistic notes on some Neotropical Cephalotini ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 18:67-76.
• KLINGENBERG, C. & BRANDÃO, C.R.F. 2005. The type specimens of fungus growing ants, Attini (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae) deposited in the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia, 45(4):41-50.
• LATREILLE, P.A. 1802. Histoire naturelle, générale et particulière des Crustacés et des insectes. Tome 3. Familes naturelles dês genres. Paris, F. Dufart. xii + 467 p.
• LATREILLE, P.A. 1809. Genera crustaceorum et insectorum secundum ordinem naturalem in familias disposita, iconibus, exemplisque plurimus explicata. Tomus 4. Parisiis et Argentorati. Paris, A. Koenig. 399 p.
• LAUK, C.; BRANDÃO, C.R.F. & AGOSTI, D. 2003. Anexo 2: Listado de museos con colecciones de hormigas. In: Fernández, F. Introducción a las hormigas de la región Neotropical. Bogotá, Instituto Humboldt. p. 419-424
• LONGINO, J.T. & SNELLING, R.R. 2002. A taxonomic revision of the Procryptocerus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Central America. Contributions in Science, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 495:1-30.
• SANTSCHI, F. 1916. Formicides sudaméricains nouveaux ou peu connus. Physis, 2:365-399.
• SANTSCHI, F. 1920. Nouvelles fourmis du genre Cephalotes Latr. Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France, 1920:147-149.
• SANTSCHI, F. 1921. Quelques nouveaux Cryptocerus de l'Argentine et pays voisins. Anales de la Sociedad Científica Argentina, 92:124-128.
• SANTSCHI, F. 1922. Description de nouvelles fourmis de l'Argentine et pays limitrophes. Anales de la Sociedad Científica Argentina, 94:241-262.
• SCOTT-SANTOS, C.P.; ESTEVES, F.A. & BRANDÃO, C.R.F. 2008. Catalogue of "poneromorph" ant type specimens (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) deposited in the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia, 48(11):75-88.
• SMITH, D.R. 1979. Superfamily Formicoidea. In: Krombein, K.V.; Hurd, P.D.; Smith, D.R. & Burks, B.D (Eds). Catalog of Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico. Volume 2. Apocrita (Aculeata). Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Instituition Press. p. 1323-1467.
• SMITH, M.R. 1947. Ants of the genus Cryptocerus F. in the United States. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 49:29-40.
• SMITH, M.R. 1951. Family Formicidae. In: Muesebeck, C.F.; Krombein, K.V. & Townes, H.K. (Eds). Hymenoptera of America north of Mexico. Synoptic Catalog. U.S. Department of Agriculture. p. 778-875. (Agriculture Monograph, 2).
• Wheeler, D.E. 1984. Behavior of the ant, Procryptocerus scabriusculus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), with comparisons to other cephalotines. Psyche, 91:171-192.
• WHEELER, W.M. 1916. Two new ants from Texas and Arizona. Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club, 6:29-35.
• WHEELER, W.M. 1936. Ants from Hispaniola and Mona Island. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 80:195-211.
• WHEELER, W.M. & Mann, W.M. 1914. The ants of Haiti. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 33:1-61.

Publication Dates

• Publication in this collection
  23 July 2013
• Date of issue
  2013

History

• Received
  01 Mar 2013
• Accepted
  30 June 2013