Association Between Water Sanitation and Living Conditions and Dental Caries in Brazilian Schoolchildren

Martins Júnior, José Carlos; Abreu, Mauro Henrique Nogueira Guimarães de; Vieira, Lucilene Conceição; Gaudereto, Diana; Andrade, Danielle Alves; Pinto, Rafaela da Silveira; Lucas, Simone Dutra

doi:10.1590/pboci.2020.114

José Carlos Martins Júnior

General Hospital, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9964-0440

Mauro Henrique Nogueira Guimarães de Abreu

Department of Social and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8794-5725

Lucilene Conceição Vieira

City Hall of Brumadinho, Brumadinho, MG, Brazil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7499-7999

Diana Gaudereto

School of Dentistry, Faculty of Sete Lagoas, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9294-5543

Danielle Alves Andrade

Transportation Social Service and National Learning Service for Transport (SEST / Senat), Juatuba, MG, Brazil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9607-743X

Rafaela da Silveira Pinto

Department of Social and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6169-7708

Simone Dutra Lucas Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: Simone Dutra Lucas, Rua Desembargador Tinoco, 196/501, Monsenhor Messias, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. 30720-480. Phone: +55 31999739239. E-mail: simonedlucas@gmail.com.

Department of Social and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7875-4492

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: Simone Dutra Lucas, Rua Desembargador Tinoco, 196/501, Monsenhor Messias, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. 30720-480. Phone: +55 31999739239. E-mail: simonedlucas@gmail.com.

Academic Editor: Wilton Wilney Nascimento Padilha

Authors’ Contributions

JCMJ Conceptualization, Methodology, Investigation, Formal Analysis and Writing – Original Draft Preparation.

MHNG Conceptualization, Methodology, Investigation, Formal Analysis and Writing – Original Draft Preparation.

LCV Conceptualization, Methodology, Investigation, Formal Analysis and Writing – Original Draft Preparation.

DG Conceptualization, Methodology, Investigation, Formal Analysis and Writing – Original Draft Preparation.

DAA Conceptualization, Methodology, Investigation, Formal Analysis and Writing – Original Draft Preparation.

RSP Conceptualization, Methodology, Investigation, Formal Analysis and Writing – Original Draft Preparation.

SDL Conceptualization, Methodology, Investigation, Formal Analysis, Writing – Original Draft Preparation and Writing – Review and Editing.

All authors declare that they contributed to critical review of intellectual content and approval of the final version to be published.

Conflict of Interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Variables	Detailing
House Type	Masonry / Brick
	Covered Lath and Plaster
	Uncovered Lath and Plaster
	Wood
	Reused Material
Waste Destination	Collected
	Burned / Buried
	Left Uncollected
Water Treatment at Home	Filtration
	Boiling
	Chlorination
	No Treatment
Water Supply	General Water Network
	Well or Spring
Feces and Urine Destination	Sewer System / General Network
	Untreated Sump
	No Treatment

Municipality	5 Years		12 Years
Municipality	Population¹ 1 Source: Brumadinho and Fortuna de Minas Family Health Program Records, 2012.	Sample	Population¹ 1 Source: Brumadinho and Fortuna de Minas Family Health Program Records, 2012.	Sample
Brumadinho	311	164	325	89
Fortuna de Minas	35	35	50	48

	dmf-t >0	dmf-t = 0	p-value
Variables	N (%)	N (%)
Municipality
Brumadinho	64 (39.0)	100 (61.0)	0.010^* * Pearson's chi-square test;
Fortuna de Minas	22 (62.9)	13 (37.1)
Sex
Female	45 (49.5)	46 (50.5)	0.103^* * Pearson's chi-square test;
Male	41 (38.0)	67 (62.0)
House Type
Masonry / Brick	84 (43.1)	111(56.9)	1.0^† † Fisher's exact test;
Reused Materials	0 (0.0)	1 (100.0)
Number of Rooms in the House (Minimum / Median / Maximum)	4 / 6 / 9	2 / 6 / 10	0.724^‡ ‡ Mann-Whitney.
Water Supply
Public Network	42 (34.4)	80 (65.6)	0.003^* * Pearson's chi-square test;
Well or Spring	42 (56.0)	33 (44.0)
Water Treatment
Filtration	57 (41.3)	81 (58.7)	0.603^† † Fisher's exact test;
Boiling	1 (50.0)	1 (50.0)
No Treatment	21 (50.0)	21 (50.0)
Waste
Collected	75 (41.0)	108 (59.0)	0.133^† † Fisher's exact test;
Burned / Buried	6 (75.0)	2 (25.0)
Left Uncollected	1 (50.0)	1(50.0)
Feces and Urine
Sewer System (Official Network)	32 (31.4)	70 (68.6)	0.001^† † Fisher's exact test;
Untreated Sump	49 (57.6)	36 (42.4)
No Treatment	2 (50.0)	2 (50.0)

	DMF-T			D			M			F
Variables	Min.	Med.	Max.	Min.	Med.	Max.	Min.	Med.	Max.	Min.	Med.	Max.
Municipality
Brumadinho	0	0	9	0	0	4	0	0	2	0	0	7
Fortuna de Minas	0	0	5	0	0	3	0	0	1	0	0	4
p-value^* * Mann-Whitney test;	0.669			0.706			0.887			0.173
Sex
Female	0	0	9	0	0	4	0	0	2	0	0	7
Male	0	0	6	0	0	4	0	0	2	0	0	4
p-value^* * Mann-Whitney test;	0.786			0.797			0.205			0.660
House Type
Masonry / Brick	0	0	9	0	0	4	0	0	2	0	0	7
Wood	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Others	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
p-value^† † Kruskal-Wallis test.	0.453			0.724			0.930			0.597
Water Supply
Public Network	0	0	5	0	0	4	0	0	1	0	0	4
Well or Spring	0	1	9	0	0	4	0	0	2	0	0	7
Others	0	0	6	0	0	2	0	0	2	0	0	3
p-value^† † Kruskal-Wallis test.	0.684			0.838			0.217			0.823
Water Treatment
Filtration	0	0	9	0	0	4	0	0	2	0	0	7
Boiling	2	3	4	0	0.5	1	0	0.5	1	2	2	2
Chlorination	0	0	4	0	0	4	0	0	0	0	0	3
No Treatment	0	1	4	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	1	3
p-value^† † Kruskal-Wallis test.	0.222			0.712			0.044			0.034
Waste
Collected	0	0	9	0	0	4	0	0	2	0	0	7
Burned / Buried	0	2	6	0	0	2	0	0	2	0	1	3
p-value^* * Mann-Whitney test;	0.055			0.072			0.004			0.232
Feces and Urine Destination
Sewer System	0	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	1	0	0	4
Untreated Sump	0	0	0	0	0	4	0	0	2	0	0	7
No Treatment	0	2	2	0	2	4	0	0	0	0	0	0
p-value^† † Kruskal-Wallis test.	0.859			0.476			0.400			0.587

[1] Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: Simone Dutra Lucas, Rua Desembargador Tinoco, 196/501, Monsenhor Messias, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. 30720-480. Phone: +55 31999739239. E-mail: simonedlucas@gmail.com.

Brasil

Brasil

Association Between Water Sanitation and Living Conditions and Dental Caries in Brazilian Schoolchildren

Abstract

Objective:

Material and Methods:

Results:

Conclusion: