Bactericidal and Smear Layer Removal Efficacy of Herbal Alternatives Against Enterococcus Faecalis Dentinal Biofilm - An ex-vivo Study

Subbiya, Arunajatesan; Roopchander, Krishnamurthy; Mahalakshmi, Krishnan; Padmavathy, Kesavaram; Vivekanandan, Paramasivam

doi:10.1590/pboci.2020.076

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Pesquisa Brasileira em Odontopediatria e Clínica Integrada

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Sumário

ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Pesqui. Bras. Odontopediatria Clín. Integr. 20 • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/pboci.2020.076 copy

Bactericidal and Smear Layer Removal Efficacy of Herbal Alternatives Against Enterococcus Faecalis Dentinal Biofilm - An ex-vivo Study

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Objective:

To assess the antibacterial and smear layer removal ability of Trigonella foenum, Syzygium cumini, Terminalia chebula seed extracts against E. faecalis dentinal biofilm.

Material and Methods:

Agar well diffusion, micro broth dilution assay and time-kill curve assay were performed to determine the antibacterial activity. The ability of the herbal extracts to remove the smear layer on the root canal surface was assessed by scanning electron microscopy.

Results:

Antibacterial activity was observed for the extracts of S. cumini and T. chebula on E. faecalis dentinal biofilm and its planktonic counterparts. The smear layer was efficiently removed by the seed extracts of T. chebula alone. Seed extracts of T. foenum neither possessed antibacterial effect nor smear layer removal ability.

Conclusion:

The extracts of T. chebula seeds may replace conventional irrigant due to its antibacterial properties and smear layer removing the ability. The extracts of S. cumini may be used as an intracanal medicament as it exhibited a bactericidal effect against the E. faecalis dentinal biofilm following 18 hours of incubation.

Keywords:
Endodontics; Root Canal Therapy; Plant Preparations; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning

Test Group (Concentration)	E .faecalis (ATCC 29212)			E. faecalis Clinical Isolate
Test Group (Concentration)	Assay 1	Assay 2	Assay 3	Assay 1	Assay 2	Assay 3
A (50 mg)	6 mm	6 mm	6 mm	6 mm	6 mm	6 mm
A (25 mg)	6 mm	6 mm	6 mm	6 mm	6 mm	6 mm
B (50 mg)	25 mm	24 mm	25 mm	25 mm	24 mm	25 mm
B (25 mg)	20 mm	20 mm	20 mm	20 mm	20 mm	20 mm
C (50 mg)	18 mm	17 mm	18 mm	21 mm	20 mm	21 mm
C (25 mg)	12 mm	12 mm	12 mm	18 mm	16 mm	18 mm
Vancomycin (30 µg)	21 mm	21 mm	21 mm	21 mm	21 mm	21 mm
NaOCl (5%)	29 mm	28 mm	29 mm	29 mm	28 mm	29 mm
Chlorhexidine (2%)	30 mm	29 mm	30 mm	33 mm	33 mm	32 mm

Groups	Minimum Inhibitory Concentration
	E. faecalis (ATCC 29212)	E. faecalis (Clinical Isolate)
B	3.12 mg/mL	6.25 mg/mL
C	3.12 mg/mL	6.25 mg/mL
NaOCl (5%)	0.5%	0.5%
Chlorhexidine (2%)	0.002%	0.002%

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[1] Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: Krishnan Mahalakshmi, Professor & Head, Department of Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Research Lab for Oral-Systemic Health, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, 600100, Tamil Nadu, India. Phone: +91 9444184403. E-mail: kmagvenkat@gmail.com.