Translation, Cross-cultural Adaptation and Psychometric Properties of the Parental Feeding Style Questionnaire into Brazilian Portuguese Language

Sousa, Karina Guedes de; Gavião, Maria Beatriz Duarte; Ultremari, Natalia de Freitas; Chaves Júnior, Samuel de Carvalho; Barbosa, Taís de Souza

doi:10.1590/pboci.2023.034

Karina Guedes de Sousa

Conceptualization

Methodology

Data Curation

Writing - Original Draft

Writing - Review and Editing and Project Administration.

contributed to critical review of intellectual content and approval of the final version to be published

Department of Health Sciences and Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3784-9537

Maria Beatriz Duarte Gavião

Conceptualization

Methodology

Validation

Investigation

Writing - Original Draft and Writing - Review and Editing.

contributed to critical review of intellectual content and approval of the final version to be published

Department of Health Sciences and Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7546-5262

Natalia de Freitas Ultremari

Data Curation

Writing - Original Draft and Writing - Review and Editing.

contributed to critical review of intellectual content and approval of the final version to be published

Department of Health Sciences and Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6502-5239

Samuel de Carvalho Chaves Júnior

Data Curation

Writing - Original Draft and Writing - Review and Editing.

contributed to critical review of intellectual content and approval of the final version to be published

Dental School, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7769-4763

Taís de Souza Barbosa Correspondence: Taís de Souza Barbosa, Department of Social and Pediatric Dentistry, São Paulo State University, Institute of Science and Technology, Avenida Engenheiro Francisco José Longo, 777, São José dos Campos, SP, Brasil. 12245-000. E-mail: tais.barbosa@unesp.br

Validation

Formal Analysis

Writing - Original Draft and Writing - Review and Editing.

contributed to critical review of intellectual content and approval of the final version to be published

Department of Social and Pediatric Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3479-7789

Correspondence: Taís de Souza Barbosa, Department of Social and Pediatric Dentistry, São Paulo State University, Institute of Science and Technology, Avenida Engenheiro Francisco José Longo, 777, São José dos Campos, SP, Brasil. 12245-000. E-mail: tais.barbosa@unesp.br

Academic Editor: Ana Maria Gondim Valença

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

PFSQ Total and Domains Scores	No. of Items	Cronbach’s Alpha (N=42)	Cronbach’s Alpha (N=19)	ICC (95%) (N=19)
Control Over Eating	10	0.77	0.77	0.74
Prompting/Encouragement to Eat	8	0.74	0.75	0.67
Instrumental Feeding	4	0.64	0.57	0.56
Emotional Feeding	5	0.86	0.92	0.89
Total	27	0.78	0.80	0.78

Variables	N	%
Mother
Age (Years) [Mean and SD]	32.12	6.8
Weight^* * Due to missing data, the sum of percentages may not equal 100%; Income category: B ≥ U$1,545.65; C ≥ U$479.06 and D ≥ U$197.20; Confidence Interval of 95%. (kg) [Mean and SD]	71	14.7
Height^* * Due to missing data, the sum of percentages may not equal 100%; Income category: B ≥ U$1,545.65; C ≥ U$479.06 and D ≥ U$197.20; Confidence Interval of 95%. (m) [Mean and SD]	1.61	0.1
BMI [Mean and SD]	27.14	5.8
Underweight	4	2
Normal weight	75	36.8
Overweight	69	33.8
Obesity	54	26.5
No Information	2	1
Mother’s Marital Status
Single	50	24.6
Married	110	54.2
Other	36	17.7
No Information	7	3.4
Mother’s Educational Status
Uneducated	7	3.4
1^th degree	34	16.7
2^nd degree	97	47.5
Graduated	32	15.7
No information	34	16.7
Income (USA Dollar)
D category	62	30.4
C category	79	38.7
B category	5	2.5
No information	58	28.4

PFSQ Domains	Number of Items	Mean Score (SD)	Cronbach’s Alpha	Cronbach's Alpha if Item is Deleted
Control over eating	10	3.83±0.58	0.65	0.57 - 0.68
Prompting/ Encouragement to eat	8	4.25±0.54	0.68	0.60 - 0.67
Instrumental feeding	4	1.85±0.82	0.67	0.51 - 0.66
Emotional feeding	5	1.68±0.81	0.82	0.76 - 0.80
Overall	27	2.91±0.69	0.69	0.65 - 0.68

Variables		Control Over Eating	Prompting/ Encouragement to Eat	Instrumental Feeding	Emotional Feeding
Control Over Eating	r	1
	p-value	-
Prompting/Encouragement to Eat	r	0.40	1
	p-value	<0.01	-
Instrumental Feeding	r	-0.17	-0.08	1
	p-value	0.014	0.251	-
Emotional Feeding	r	-0.14	-0.10	0.59	1
	p-value	0.052	0.153	<0.01	-
Overall	r	0.65	0.61	0.44	0.49
	p-value	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01

Questions	Original Domain	F 1	F 2	F 3	F 4	h ²
2. I give my child something to eat to make him/her feel better when she/he is feeling upset	EM	0.694				0.48
13. I give my child something to eat to make him/her feel better when she/he has been hurt	EM	0.733				0.55
15. I give my child something to eat if she/he is feeling bored).	EM	0.710				0.55
21. I give my child something to eat to make him/her feel better when she/he is worried	EM	0.677				0.52
25.I give my child something to eat to make him/her feel better when she/he is feeling angry	EM	0.790				0.63
7. In order to get my child to behave him/herself I promise him/her something to eat.	IN	0.637				0.50
9. If my child misbehaves, I withhold his/her favourite food	IN	0.441				0.43
18. I use puddings as a bribe to get my child to eat his/her main course	IN	0.397				0.22
22. I reward my child with something to eat when she/he is well behaved	IN	0.791				0.63
5. I decide how many snacks my child should have	C		0.548			0.34
17. I decide when it is time for my child to have a snack	C		0.363			0.28
20. I decide the times when my child eats his/her meals	C		0.624			0.60
24. I insist my child eats meals at the table.	C		0.483			0.30
26. I decide what my child eats between meals	C		0.413			0.29
3. I encourage my child to look forward to the meal	EN		0.408			0.38
6. I encourage my child to eat a wide variety of foods	EN		0.532			0.41
8. I present food in an attractive way to my child	EN		0.631			0.39
4. I praise my child if she/he eats what I give him/her	EN			0.512		0.27
10. I encourage my child to taste each of the foods I serve at mealtimes	EN			0.560		0.47
12. I encourage my child to try foods that she/he hasn’t tasted before	EN			0.663		0.52
19. I encourage my child to enjoy his/her food	EN			0.645		0.50
27. I praise my child if she/he eats a new food	EN			0.586		0.38
1. I allow my child to choose which foods to have for meals	C				0.629	0.44
11. I allow my child to wander around during a meal	C				0.431	0.34
14. I let my child decide when she/he would like to have her meal.	C				0.594	0.43
16. I allow my child to decide when she/he has had enough snacks to eat	C				0.469	0.28
23. I let my child eat between meals whenever she/he wants	C				0.483	0.42
Eigenvalue		4.75	3.29	2.00	1.42
N° items		9	8	5	6
% Variance		17.7	12.2	7.4	5.2

[1] Correspondence: Taís de Souza Barbosa, Department of Social and Pediatric Dentistry, São Paulo State University, Institute of Science and Technology, Avenida Engenheiro Francisco José Longo, 777, São José dos Campos, SP, Brasil. 12245-000. E-mail: tais.barbosa@unesp.br

Brasil

Brasil

Translation, Cross-cultural Adaptation and Psychometric Properties of the Parental Feeding Style Questionnaire into Brazilian Portuguese Language

ABSTRACT

Objective:

Material and Methods:

Results:

Conclusion: