Maize Response to Trinexapac-Ethyl and Nitrogen Fertilization

SANGOI, L.; DURLI, M.M.; SOUZA, C.A.; LEOLATO, L.S.; KUNESKI, H.F.; COELHO, A.E.

doi:10.1590/S0100-83582020380100037

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Article • Planta daninha 38 • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-83582020380100037 copy

Maize Response to Trinexapac-Ethyl and Nitrogen Fertilization

Resposta do Milho a Trinexapac-Ethyl e Adubação Nitrogenada

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT:

High nitrogen rates favor maize vegetative growth and grain yield losses due to stem lodging. The use of growth regulators can mitigate such effect. This work was carried out aiming to evaluate the effect of trinexapac ethyl on maize hybrids response to side-dress nitrogen rates. The experiment was carried out in Lages, Santa Catarina State, South of Brazil, during two growing seasons with two hybrids (P1680 and P30F53), and four nitrogen rates (0, 150, 300 and 450 kg N ha-1) were tested, with and without the presence of trinexapac ethyl. The experimental design was in randomized blocks arranged in split-split plots, with three replications per treatment. The plants height and ear insertion height, plant lodging and breaking, grain yield and yield components were evaluated. Grain yield increased in a quadratic way with increased nitrogen rate. The highest grain yields were 15,784 and 15,257 kg ha-1, in 2014/15 and 2015/16, respectively. Application rates higher than 150 kg of N ha-1, regardless of the use of the plant growth regulator, promoted maximum grain yield increases, ranging from 14.7 to 18.1%. The application of trinexapac-ethyl reduced the upper stem internode length, 1000-grain dry weight and did not affect the percentage of lodged plants and grain yield of both hybrids. Therefore, the use of trinexapac-ethyl did not enhance the maize grain yield response to increased rates of side-dress nitrogen.

Keywords:
Zea mays; side-dress nitrogen; productivity

Sociedade Brasileira da Ciência das Plantas Daninhas Departamento de Fitotecnia - DFT, Universidade Federal de Viçosa - UFV, 36570-000 - Viçosa-MG - Brasil, Tel./Fax::(+55 31) 3899-2611 - Viçosa - MG - Brazil
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[1] * Corresponding author: <luis.sangoi@udesc.br>

	H	NR	GR	HxNR	HxGR	NRxGR	HxNRxGR
2014/2015
EIH	10525.7**	1338.3**	6.5^ns	358.5^ns	8.7^ns	112.8^ns	122.8^ns
PH	1539.1*	2918.2**	581.2*	116.4^ns	7.2^ns	190.0^ns	136.4^ns
DIS	20114.6**	315.1^ns	709.9**	90.0^ns	31.7^ns	114.2^ns	3.6^ns
PLB	1.3^ns	1.21^ns	0.5^ns	2.9^ns	0.8^ns	0.2^ns	0.5^ns
SD	17.5**	12.4**	0.4^ns	1.7^ns	2.7*	0.4^ns	0.2^ns
NEP	0.006^ns	0.100**	<0.001^ns	0.001^ns	<0.001^ns	0.002^ns	0.003^ns
NGE	871.3^ns	101736.5**	1717.2^ns	637.9^ns	1660.3^ns	1204.2^ns	400.6^ns
TGW	34604.3**	7200.7**	1232.2**	351.6^ns	67.7^ns	382.4^ns	407.7^ns
GY	34821242**	213213672**	7956851*	1036314^ns	1480870^ns	1145273^ns	546775.0^ns
AE	150.4^ns	5188.5**	124.3^ns	51.9^ns	6.9^ns	34.8^ns	7.5^ns
2015/2016
EIH	13061.4*	3057.0*	2310.2^ns	749.9^ns	35.7^ns	821.2^ns	536.2^ns
PH	2473.9**	3017.4**	0.07^ns	10.5^ns	103.8^ns	56.2^ns	129.4^ns
DIS	18267.6**	201.5**	358.6^ns	19.3^ns	161.3^ns	28.8^ns	130.0^ns
PLB	12.9^ns	14.2**	1.5^ns	5.9^ns	2.8^ns	1.3^ns	7.8^ns
SD	72.9**	20.4**	0.1^ns	1.8**	1.6^ns	1.8^ns	1.3^ns
NEP	<0.001^ns	0.012**	0.003^ns	0.019**	<0.001^ns	<0.001^ns	0.002^ns
NGE	14828.0*	51490.0**	312.6^ns	2415.7^ns	2.1^ns	194.5^ns	1721.7^ns
TGW	18664.0**	9609.3**	753.4*	144.9^ns	27.3^ns	133.7^ns	165.5^ns
GY	4913280*	112792756**	119900^ns	1009806^ns	488235^ns	311449^ns	1195086^ns
AE	76.5^ns	2604.0**	38.6^ns	15.3^ns	120.0*	16.5^ns	19.7^ns

Variable	Hybrid		CV (%)⁽¹⁾
Variable	P1630	P30F53	CV (%)⁽¹⁾
2014/15
Plant height (cm)	258 a*	247 b	5.66
Ear insertion height (cm)	122 b	152 a	6.47
Length of internode above the ear ⁽²⁾ (cm)	136 a	95 b	8.04
Grains yield (kg ha^-1)	11578 b	13281 a	7.10
1000-grain weight (g)	326 b	380 a	4.35
2015/16
Plant height (cm)	264 a	250 b	2.97
Ear insertion height (cm)	129 b	162 a	19.77
Length of internodes above ear (cm)	135 a	96 b	5.52
Grains yield (kg ha^-1)	12511 b	13151 a	5.38
1000-grain weight (g)	339 b	379 a	1.70

Variable	Trinexapac ethyl		CV (%)⁽¹⁾
Variable	With	Without	CV (%)⁽¹⁾
2014/15
Plant height (cm)	249 b*	256 a	3.65
Length of internodes above ear ⁽²⁾ (cm)	111 b	119 a	6.11
Grains yield (kg ha^-1)	12022 b	12837 a	8.84
1000-grain weight (g)	348 b	358 a	3.22
2015/16
Plant height (cm)	257^ns	257	2.18
Length of internodes above ear (cm)	113b	119 a	8.15
Grains yield (kg ha^-1)	12780^ns	12880	5.68
1000-grain weight (g)	355 b	363 a	2.99

Hybrid	Trinexapac ethyl		CV (%)⁽¹⁾
Hybrid	With	Without	CV (%)⁽¹⁾
	Stem diameter (mm)
	2014/15
P1630	21.3 b B*	21.9 a B	2.7
P30F53	23.0 a A	22.7 a A	2.7
	2015/16
P1630	21.0 B	20.7 B	4.2
P30F53	23.1 A	23.5 A	4.2
	Agronomic efficiency (kg kg^-1)
	2014/15
P1630	20.9 ^ns	24.8	38.7
P30F53	25.2	27.6	38.7
	2015/16
P1630	14.0 b B	18.9 a A	23.6
P30F53	19.6 a A	18.3 a A	23.6