Influence of Tillage Systems and Selective Herbicides on Weed Management and Productivity of Direct-Seeded Rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i>)

ABBAS, A.; KHALIQ, A.; SAQIB, M.; MAJEED, M.Z.; ULLAH, S.; HAROON, M.

doi:10.1590/S0100-83582019370100083

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Article • Planta daninha 37 • 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-83582019370100083 copy

Influence of Tillage Systems and Selective Herbicides on Weed Management and Productivity of Direct-Seeded Rice (Oryza sativa)

Efeito de Sistemas de Cultivo e Herbicidas Seletivos no Manejo de Plantas Daninhas e na Produtividade de Arroz em Semeadura Direta (Oryza sativa)

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT:

Weeds cause considerable damage to rice crop. To ascertain the influence of different weed management practices under different tillage systems, a field experiment was conducted during 2014-15. Experimental design was RCB with split-plot arrangement and with a net plot size of 6 x 2 m. Three tillage systems viz; zero tillage with glyphosate application and conventional tillage with and without stale seed bed, and seven weed management treatments viz; weedy check, manual weeding, oxadiargyl as pre-emergence, pyrazosulfuron as pre-emergence, pyrazosulfuron as post-emergence, fenoxaprop-ethyle + sodium fluoride as post-emergence and fenoxaprop-ethyle + sodium fluoride as post-emergence. Results revealed that all treatments including tillage systems and herbicides significantly (p<0.05) affected weed density and weed dry biomass. Minimum weed density (229.22, 159.22 and 127.77 m-2) and weed dry biomass (68.01, 49.29 and 41.08 g m-2) at 30, 45 and 60 DAS (days after sowing) were recorded for pyrazosulfuron (as pre-emergence), respectively, followed by fenoxaprop-ethyle + sodium fluoride (as post-emergence). Maximum 1000-kernel weight and kernel yield (19.15 g and 3.45 ton ha-1) were recorded for weed free treatments and it was 12 and 57% higher than weedy check. Maximum net benefit and benefit to cost ratio (USD$ 817 ha-1 and 1.76, respectively) were recorded for pyrazosulfuron applied at either pre- or post-emergence stage under zero tillage system. Conclusively, pyrazosulfuron (as pre-emergence) and fenoxaprop-ethyle + sodium fluoride (as post-emergence) gave the best weed control under conventional tillage with stale seed bed system, while pyrazosulfuron exhibited maximum benefit-cost ratio under zero tillage system.

Keywords:
Oryza sativa L.; direct-seeded rice; tillage systems; herbicides; integrated weed management

Sociedade Brasileira da Ciência das Plantas Daninhas Departamento de Fitotecnia - DFT, Universidade Federal de Viçosa - UFV, 36570-000 - Viçosa-MG - Brasil, Tel./Fax::(+55 31) 3899-2611 - Viçosa - MG - Brazil
E-mail: rpdaninha@gmail.com

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[1] * Corresponding author: <adeel.abbas92@yahoo.com>

Parameter	Value	Status
Texture class	Sandy loam soil	Medium Hard
EC (dSm^-1)	0.43	Non Saline
pH	8.4	Medium Alkaline
Exchangeable Sodium (me100 g^-1)	0.9	Medium
Organic Matter (%)	1.00	Medium
Nitrogen (%)	0.77	Medium
Phosphorus (ppm)	120	High
Exchangeable K (ppm)	104	Medium

Treatment	Weed density (m²)			Dry weed biomass (g m²)
Tillage systems	30 DAS	45 DAS	60 DAS	30 DAS	45 DAS	60 DAS
Zero tillage	313.89	191.22	163.17	93.14	59.20	52.47
Conventional tillage without stale seed bed	311.56	183.72	162.00	92.45	56.88	52.09
Conventional tillage with stale seed bed	316.22	213.44	153.28	93.83	66.08	52.09
Weed management practices
Weedy check	433.44 A	262.11 A	210.11 A	128.61 A	81.14 A	67.55 A
Oxadiargyl (pre-emergence)	322.33 B	203.22 B	169.55 B	95.64 B	62.91 B	54.51 B
Pyrazosulfuron (pre-emergence)	335.33 B	182.11 BC	161.22 B	99.50 B	56.38 BC	51.83 B
Pyrazosulfuron (post-emergence)	315.55 BC	202.11 B	153.55 B	93.63 BC	62.57 B	49.37 B
Oxadiargyl (pre- emergence) + fenoxaprop-ethyle + sodium fluoride (post-emergence)	247.44 BC	168 C	134.66 C	73.42 BC	52.01 C	43.30 C
Pyrazosulfuron (pre-emergence) + fenoxaprop-ethyle + sodium fluoride (post-emergence)	229.22 C	159.22 C	127.77 C	68.01 C	49.29 C	41.08 C

Tillage system	Weed control treatment	Variable cost (USD$ ha^-1)	Fixed cost (USD$ ha^-1)	Total cost (USD$ ha^-1)	Gross income (USD$ ha^-1)	Net field benefit (USD$ ha^-1)	Net return (USD$ ha^-1)	BCR (%)
Zero tillage	Weedy check	55.75	826.38	882.13	631.20	575.45	-250.93	0.72
	Weed free	145.75	826.38	972.13	1802.70	1656.95	830.57	1.85
	Oxadiargyl (pre-emergence)	54.25	826.38	880.63	1480.50	1426.25	599.87	1.68
	Pyrazosulfuron (pre-emergence)	56.25	826.38	882.63	1485.90	1429.65	603.27	1.68
	Pyrazosulfuron (post-emergence)	56.25	826.38	882.63	1555.20	1498.95	672.57	1.76
	Oxadiargyl (pre- emergence) + fenoxaprop-ethyle + sodium fluoride (post-emergence)	82.75	826.38	909.13	1498.50	1415.75	589.37	1.65
	Pyrazosulfuron (pre-emergence) + fenoxaprop-ethyle + sodium fluoride (post-emergence)	84.75	826.38	911.13	1449.90	1365.15	538.77	1.59
Conventional tillage with stale seed bed	Weedy check	105.00	82638	931.38	609.00	504.00	-322.38	0.65
	Weed free	195.00	826.38	1021.38	1535.40	1340.40	514.02	1.50
	Oxadiargyl (pre-emergence)	103.50	826.38	929.88	1558.80	1455.30	628.92	1.68
	Pyrazosulfuron (pre-emergence)	105.50	826.38	931.88	1406.70	1301.20	474.82	1.51
	Pyrazosulfuron (post-emergence)	105.50	826.38	931.88	1462.50	1357.00	530.62	1.57
	Oxadiargyl (pre- emergence) + fenoxaprop-ethyle + sodium fluoride (post-emergence)	132.00	826.38	958.38	1483.20	1351.20	524.82	1.55
	Pyrazosulfuron (pre-emergence) + fenoxaprop-ethyle + sodium fluoride (post-emergence)	134.00	826.38	960.38	1567.80	1433.80	607.42	1.63
Conventional tillage without stale seed bed	Weedy check	125.00	826.38	951.38	868.80	743.80	-82.58	0.91
	Weed free	215.00	826.38	1041.38	1649.70	1434.70	608.32	1.58
	Oxadiargyl (pre-emergence)	123.50	826.38	949.88	1528.20	1404.70	578.32	1.61
	Pyrazosulfuron (pre-emergence)	125.50	826.38	951.88	1525.50	1400.00	573.62	1.60
	Pyrazosulfuron (post-emergence)	125.50	826.38	951.88	1484.10	1358.60	532.22	1.56
	Oxadiargyl (pre- emergence) + fenoxaprop-ethyle + sodium fluoride (post-emergence)	152.00	826.38	97838	1478.70	1326.70	500.32	1.51
	Pyrazosulfuron (pre-emergence) + fenoxaprop-ethyle + sodium fluoride (post-emergence)	154.00	826.38	98038	1478.70	1324.70	498.32	1.51

Tillage system	Weed control treatment	Variable cost (USD$ ha^-1)	Net field benefit (USD$ ha^-1)	Marginal cost (USD$ ha^-1)	Marginal net benefit (USD$ ha^-1)	Marginal rate of return (%)
Zero tillage	Weedy check	55.75	575.45			D*
	Oxadiargyl (pre-emergence)	54.25	1426.25
	Pyrazosulfuron (pre-emergence)	56.25	1429.65	0.50	854.20	1708.42
	Pyrazosulfuron (post-emergence)	56.25	1498.95		69.30	D
	Oxadiargyl (pre- emergence) + fenoxaprop-ethyle + sodium fluoride (post-emergence)	82.75	1415.75	26.50		D
	Pyrazosulfuron (pre-emergence) + fenoxaprop-ethyle + sodium fluoride (post-emergence)	84.75	1365.15		D	D
	Weed free	145.75	1656.95	61.00	291.80	4.78
Conventional tillage with stale seed bed	Weedy check	105.00	504.00			D
	Oxadiargyl (pre-emergence)	103.50	1455.30
	Pyrazosulfuron (pre-emergence)	105.50	1301.20		797.20
	Pyrazosulfuron (post-emergence)	105.50	1357.00			D
	Oxadiargyl (pre- emergence) + fenoxaprop-ethyle + sodium fluoride (post-emergence)	132.00	1351.20
	Pyrazosulfuron (pre-emergence) + fenoxaprop-ethyle + sodium fluoride (post-emergence)	134.00	1433.80			D
	Weed free	195.00	1340.40			D
Conventional tillage without stale seed bed	Weedy check	125.00	743.80			D
	Oxadiargyl (pre-emergence)	123.50	1404.70
	Pyrazosulfuron (pre-emergence)	125.50	1358.60		614.80	D
	Pyrazosulfuron (post-emergence)	125.50	1400.00	0.50	41.40	8280
	Oxadiargyl (pre- emergence) + fenoxaprop-ethyle + sodium fluoride (post-emergence)	152.00	1326.70			D
	Pyrazosulfuron (pre-emergence) + fenoxaprop-ethyle + sodium fluoride (post-emergence)	154.00	1324.70			D
	Weed free	215.00	1434.70	61.00	110.00	180.33