ABSTRACT
Panicoid grasses are major weeds of maize and sugarcane as well as of several other important grains, including sorghum, pearl millet, and foxtail millet. Pot trials were conducted to study the activity and potential interactions of topramezone in mixture with recommended rates of rimsulfuron or nicosulfuron on three annual panicoid grasses (i.e. Echinochloa oryzoides,E. phyllopogon, and Panicum miliaceum). Target weeds were treated at the four- to five-leaf growth stage. On the basis of fresh weight reduction, topramezone alone provided 78% control of E. oryzoides, 68% control of E. phyllopogon, and 99% control of P. miliaceum. Topramezone plus rimsulfuron or nicosulfuron provided decreased control of both Echinochloa spp. compared with topramezone alone. The decreased control of E. oryzoides and E. phyllopogon was more pronounced with rimsulfuron as a companion herbicide in the mixtures. Slightly decreased control of P. milaceum was observed with topramezone plus rimsulfuron compared with topramezone alone, but this was not the case for topramezone plus nicosulfuron. Increased topramezone rates mixed with rimsulfuron or nicosulfuron did not improve control of E. oryzoides and E. phyllopogon compared with the lowest topramezone rate. Also, increased topramezone rates mixed with rimsulfuron or nicosulfuron showed decreased control of both Echinochloa spp. when compared with either rimsulfuron or nicosulfuron alone, suggesting a two-way interaction between topramezone and the ALS-inhibiting herbicides. The above-mentioned interaction was not observed in P. miliaceum, probably related with species sensitivity to the herbicides tested. Newly introduced or naturalized panicoid grasses in maize fields may complicate selection of companion herbicides and rates for effective weed control.
efficacy; nicosulfuron; mixtures; rimsulfuron
