Associação de Métodos Mecânicos e Químicos Visando a Destruição de Soqueiras de Algodoeiro

FRANCISCHINI, A.C.; CONSTANTIN, J.; MATTE, W.D.; OLIVEIRA JR., R.S.; RIOS, F.A.; MACHADO, F.G.

RESUMO:

A destruição de soqueiras do algodoeiro após a colheita é uma medida profilática que visa reduzir a população de insetos-praga e de inóculos de doenças que podem permanecer alojados nos restos culturais e plantas de algodoeiro remanescentes. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar métodos integrados de manejo das soqueiras, conciliando controle mecânico e químico, que promovam a erradicação de soqueiras do algodoeiro. Dessa maneira, foi instalado experimento fatorial 7x5, em que foram testados sete diferentes métodos de manejo da soqueira do algodoeiro e cinco tratamentos herbicidas. Avaliou-se a porcentagem de controle e o número de plantas rebrotadas por metro aos 14, 28 e 50 dias após a aplicação dos herbicidas. Ainda, ao final do experimento foi avaliado o tamanho de rebrote, aos 50 dias. Os métodos de manejo com roçada associada a uma aplicação no toco seguida por outra aplicação no rebrote e roçada com duas aplicações sequenciais nos rebrotes, para os tratamentos herbicidas 2,4-D + glyphosate em associação com [imazapic + imazapyr]) ou saflufenacil, promoveram as maiores taxas de controle das soqueiras do algodoeiro. Visando a eficácia e a velocidade de controle, o manejo com aplicação do tratamento 2,4-D + glyphosate + saflufenacil no toco, logo após a roçada, associado à outra aplicação no rebrote, proporcionou 100% de controle aos 14 dias após a última aplicação e inibiu totalmente o rebrote das soqueiras, sendo considerado o mais eficaz na destruição das soqueiras do algodoeiro.

Palavras-chave:
Gossypium hirsutum; herbicidas; manejo integrado; vazio sanitário

[1] * Corresponding author: <willianmatte@hotmail.com>

Method	Description
A	After harvesting, the cotton plants were mowed at 37 cm height and immediately after the herbicide treatment was applied to the stump. The plants were expected to have at least 12 leaves regrowth, which occurred after 45 days, and again the cotton plants were mowed at a height of 23 cm, immediately after the herbicide treatment was applied.
B	Pre-harvest herbicide treatment application 14 days before harvesting cotton. After harvesting, the cotton plants were mowed at a height of 29-32 cm and herbicide treatment was applied immediately after mowing.
C	Pre-harvest herbicide treatment application 14 days before harvesting cotton. After harvesting, the cotton plants were mowed at a height of 29-32 cm. When the plants had regrowth of at least 12 leaves, which occurred after 45 days, the herbicide treatment was applied again.
D	Pre-harvest herbicide treatment application 14 days before harvesting cotton. After harvest, when the plants had regrowth of at least 12 leaves, which occurred after 45 days, the herbicide treatment was applied again.
E	After harvesting, the cotton plants were mowed at a height of 29-32 cm and, when the plants had regrowth of at least 12 leaves, which occurred after 45 days, herbicide treatment was applied.
F	After harvesting, the cotton plants were mowed at a height of 29-32 cm and immediately after the herbicide treatment was applied to the stump. The plants were expected to have regrowth of at least 12 leaves, which occurred after 45 days, and again the herbicide treatment was applied.
G	After harvest, the cotton plants were mowed at a height of 29-32 cm and, after the plants had regrowth of at least 12 leaves, which occurred after 45 days, herbicide treatment was applied. The plants were again expected to have at least 12 leaves regrowth and a second application of the herbicide treatment was performed.

Active ingredient	Dose (g a.i.. or a.e. ha^-1)
2,4-D + glyphosate	1,340 + 720
2,4-D + glyphosate + saflufenacil	1,340 + 720 + 105
2,4-D + glyphosate + [imazapic + imazapyr]	1,340 + 720 + [26.25 + 78.75]
Glyphosate + chlorimuron-ethyl	720 + 20
Check	-

Herbicide treatment		Application dates
		Application pre-harvest	Application after mowing (stump)	Application 35 days after mowing	Application 48 days after mowing	Application 52 days after mowing	Application 94 days after mowing
		07/13/2013	08/03/2013	08/17/2013	09/20/2013	09/24/2013	11/05/2013
1	2,4-D + glyphosate	B, C e D	A, B e F	D	C, E, F e G	A	G
2	2,4-D + glyphosate + saflufenacil	B, C e D	A, B e F	D	C, E, F e G	A	G
3	2,4-D + glyphosate + [imazapic + imazapyr]	B, C e D	A, B e F	D	C, E, F e G	A	G
4	Glyphosate + chlorimuron-ethyl	B, C e D	A, B e F	D	C, E, F e G	A	G
5	Check	-	-	-	-	-	-

Herbicide treatment		Control % at 14 DAT
Herbicide treatment		Method A	Method B	Method C	Method D	Method E	Method F	Method G
1	2,4-D + glyphosate	57.75 Ae	90.25 Bbc	95.75 Ba	91.25 Bb	88.25 Bc	73.00 Bd	94.50 Aa
2	2,4-D + glyphosate + saflufenacil	48.25 Bd	95.75 Abc	98.75 Aa	97.75 Aab	94.25 Ac	100.00 Aa	94.50 Ac
3	2,4-D + glyphosate + [imazapic + imazapyr]	58.00 Ae	92.50 Bb	96.50 ABa	90.25 Bbc	89.50 Bc	63.50 Cd	91.50 Bbc
4	Glyphosate + chlorimuron-ethyl	6.25 Ce	41.25 Cb	21.00 Cd	33.00 Cc	48.00 Ca	33.25 Dc	39.50 Cb
5	Check	0.00 Da	0.00 Da	0.00 Da	0.00 Da	0.00 Da	0.00 Ea	0.00 Da
CV (%) = 3.08
		Control % at 28 DAT
1	2,4-D + glyphosate	84.75 Bd	95.00 ABb	91.00 Bc	98.00 Aa	72.75 Be	93.25 Cbc	98.50 Aa
2	2,4-D + glyphosate + saflufenacil	84.75 Bd	93.50 Bc	96.00 Abc	98.25 Aab	77.50 Ae	100.0 Aa	97.00 Ab
3	2,4-D + glyphosate + [imazapic + imazapyr]	89.00 Ab	97.25 Aa	97.50 Aa	96.25 Aa	80.00 Ac	96.50 Ba	96.00 Aa
4	Glyphosate + chlorimuron-ethyl	48.50 Cb	41.25 Cc	27.50 Ce	31.75 Bd	29.25 Cde	47.25 Db	54.75 Ba
5	Check	0.00 Da	0.00 Da	0.00 Da	0.00 Ca	0.00 Da	0.00 Ea	0.00 Ca
CV (%) = 2.90
		Control % at 50 DAT
1	2,4-D + glyphosate	82.75 Bd	79.75 Ae	93.25 Bc	93.75 Bbc	39.50 Cf	96.25 Bab	98.75 Aa
2	2,4-D + glyphosate + saflufenacil	85.00 Bc	69.25 Bd	98.50 Aa	94.00 Bb	48.75 Ae	100.00 Aa	98.75 Aa
3	2,4-D + glyphosate + [imazapic + imazapyr]	93.00 Ab	80.25 Ac	96.25 Aa	96.75 Aa	44.00 Bd	97.50 ABa	97.50 Aa
4	Glyphosate + chlorimuron-ethyl	27.00 Ccd	33.00 Cb	25.25 Cde	38.00 Ca	24.25 De	38.25 Ca	29.00 Bc
5	Check	0.00 Da	0.00 Da	0.00 Da	0.00 Da	0.00 Ea	0.00 Da	0.00 Ca
CV (%) = 3.31

Herbicide Treatment		Number of sprouted plants at 14 DAT
Herbicide Treatment		Method A	Method B	Method C	Method D	Method E	Method F	Method G
1	2,4-D + glyphosate	8.00 Aa	2.25 Be	2.00 Be	3.25 Bd	4.25 Bc	6.50 Bb	2.00 Ce
2	2,4-D + glyphosate + saflufenacil	8.00 Aa	2.25 Bb	0.75 Cc	1.00 Cc	2.25 Db	0.00 Cd	2.25 BCb
3	2,4-D + glyphosate + [imazapic + imazapyr]	8.00 Aa	2.75 Bc	1.50 Bd	3.25 Bc	3.00 Cc	8.00 Aa	2.75 Bc
4	Glyphosate + chlorimuron-ethyl	8.00 Aa	8.00 Aa	8.00 Aa	8.00 Aa	8.00 Aa	8.00 Aa	8.00 Aa
5	Check	8.00 Aa	8.00 Aa	8.00 Aa	8.00 Aa	8.00 Aa	8.00 Aa	8.00 Aa
CV (%) = 9.85
		Number of sprouted plants at 28 DAT
1	2,4-D + glyphosate	3.50 Bb	2.50 Bc	3.00 Bbc	1.00 Bd	7.75 Aa	2.50 Bc	1.25 Cd
2	2,4-D + glyphosate + saflufenacil	3.50 Bb	2.25 CBcd	3.00 Bbc	1.00 Be	6.25 Ba	0.00 Cf	1.75 BCde
3	2,4-D + glyphosate + [imazapic + imazapyr]	3.75 Bb	1.50 Cc	1.50 Cc	1.75 Bc	5.75 Ba	1.75 Bc	2.25 Bc
4	Glyphosate + chlorimuron-ethyl	8.00 Aa	8.00 Aa	8.00 Aa	8.00 Aa	8.00 Aa	8.00 Aa	7.50 Aa
5	Check	8.00 Aa	8.00 Aa	8.00 Aa	8.00 Aa	8.00 Aa	8.00 Aa	8.00 Aa
CV (%) = 11.25
		Number of sprouted plants at 50 DAT
1	2,4-D + glyphosate	3.75 Bc	4.75 Cb	2.50 Bd	2.50 Bd	8.00 Aa	1.50 Be	1.00 Be
2	2,4-D + glyphosate + saflufenacil	2.50 Cc	5.75 Bb	1.00 Cd	2.25 Bc	8.00 Aa	0.00 Ce	1.00 Bd
3	2,4-D + glyphosate + [imazapic + imazapyr]	2.75 Cc	4.25 Cb	2.25 Bcd	1.75 Bde	8.00 Aa	1.00 Be	1.50 Bde
4	Glyphosate + chlorimuron-ethyl	8.00 Aa	8.00 Aa	8.00 Aa	8.00 Aa	8.00 Aa	8.00 Aa	8.00 Aa
5	Check	8.00 Aa	8.00 Aa	8.00 Aa	8.00 Aa	8.00 Aa	8.00 Aa	8.00 Aa
CV (%) = 10.88

Brasil

Brasil

Associação de Métodos Mecânicos e Químicos Visando a Destruição de Soqueiras de Algodoeiro

RESUMO:

Herbicide treatment		Size of the cotton stalks sprouts (cm) at 50 DAT
Herbicide treatment		Method A	Method B	Method C	Method D	Method E	Method F	Method G
1	2,4-D + glyphosate	3.00 Aa	5.22 Aa	3.52 Aa	2.60 Aa	44.25 Bb	1.87 Aa	1.05 Aa
2	2,4-D + glyphosate + saflufenacil	4.07 Aa	5.77 Ab	2.10 Aa	3.92 Aa	39.75 Bc	0.00 Aa	1.25 Aa
3	2,4-D + glyphosate + [imazapic + imazapyr]	1.82 Aa	4.92 Aa	2.70 Aa	3.05 Aa	30.00 Ab	1.65 Aa	1.75 Aa
4	Glyphosate + chlorimuron-ethyl	49.25 Ba	59.00 Bbc	62.25 Bcd	52.50 Ba	65.50 Cd	53.00 Bab	59.50 Bcd
5	Check	54.00 Ba	111.00 Cb	111.00 Cb	208.50 Cc	111.00 Db	111.00 Cb	111.00 Cb
CV (%) = 11.48

Herbicide treatment		Method A	Method B	Method C	Method D	Method E	Method F	Method G
1	2,4-D + glyphosate	(3)	(3)	(2)	(2)	(3)	(2)	(1)
2	2,4-D + glyphosate + saflufenacil	(3)	(3)	(1)	(2)	(3)	(1)	(1)
3	2,4-D + glyphosate + [imazapic + imazapyr]	(2)	(3)	(2)	(2)	(3)	(1)	(2)
4	Glyphosate + chlorimuron-ethyl	(3)	(3)	(3)	(3)	(3)	(3)	(3)
5	Check	(3)	(3)	(3)	(3)	(3)	(3)	(3)