The study seeks to establish the ontological foundation of Vygotsky's thought, indicating that his theoretical construct is centered upon labor, as the complex which originated man as a social being. This postulate would be consistent with the principles of Marxism, recoveved by Lukács as an ontology of the social being that goes far beyond the metaphysical and idealistic tradition, to assert the radically historical character of human essence. It denounces the fundamental mistakes operated by neovygotskianism, which, treating Vygotskian categories of language, culture and interaction, apart from the Marxist principle of work, ends up by isolating Vygotsky from the Marxian ontological realm, and, by extension, from the socialist project. It is finally reassured that, despite the explicit relevance attributed by Vygotsky to the methodological dimension of Marxism, it is presupposed in the context of his work, the ontological core, which founds Marx's method.
Vygotsky; Marxism; ontology