Influence of Prosopis Juliflora wood flour in Poly Lactic Acid – Developing a novel Bio-Wood Plastic Composite

Raj, Sachin Sumathy; Kannan, Thanneerpanthalpalayam Kandasamy; Rajasekar, Rathanasamy

doi:10.1590/0104-1428.00120

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Original Article • Polímeros 30 (1) • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0104-1428.00120 copy

Influence of Prosopis Juliflora wood flour in Poly Lactic Acid – Developing a novel Bio-Wood Plastic Composite

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

A Bio composite comprising Prosopis Juliflora Fiber (PJF) and Poly Lactic Acid (PLA) was processed considering two particulate sized reinforcements, coarse PJF (avg. 15 µm) and fine PJF (10-50 nm). They were added individually at ratios of 10, 15, 20 and 25 wt% into PLA matrix. The composites were extruded and tested for mechanical properties. The addition of PJF resulted with an increase in the tensile, flexural and impact strengths of the polymer. Adding PJF to PLA showed a decrease in the hardness of the polymer. Water Absorption test showed an increase in water uptake with increasing fiber content. The most optimum ratio of PLA to PJF was found to be 80:20. The fine PJF reinforced composites proved to be superior over the coarse PJF reinforced composites at all stages of the research. FESEM and TGA were used to study morphology and thermal characteristics respectively.

Keywords:
biocomposite material; poly lactic acid; prosopis juliflora; wood flour; wood plastic composite

Fiber form - collective name	Name of the composite	wt% of PLA matrix	wt% of fiber reinforced
Plain Polymer	PLA	100	0
Coarse/Micro sized PJF reinforced samples. – “C Samples”	C1	90	10
	C2	85	15
	C3	80	20
	C4	75	25
Fine/Nano sized PJF reinforced samples. – “F Samples”	F1	90	10
	F2	85	15
	F3	80	20
	F4	75	25

Name of the composite	% of fiber reinforcement	Flexural Modulus (GPa)	Name of the composite	% of fiber reinforcement	Flexural Modulus (GPa)
PLA	0	17.70	PLA	0	17.70
C1	10	40.51	F1	10	44.26
C2	15	48.16	F2	15	50.22
C3	20	51.47	F3	20	58.16
C4	25	48.39	F4	25	50.24

SAMPLE	INITIAL WEIGHT OF THE SAMPLE(grams)	FINAL WEIGHT OF THE SAMPLE(grams)	% of water absorbed
PLA	3.488	3.488	0
C1	2.720	2.722	0.073
C2	2.696	2.699	0.111
C3	2.650	2.657	0.263
C4	2.629	2.638	0.341
F1	3.146	3.147	0.031
F2	3.115	3.117	0.062
F3	3.057	3.061	0.119
F4	3.024	3.031	0.198

Property	Sample	PLA	C1	C2	C3	C4	F1	F2	F3	F4
Tensile Strength	1	9.67	13.58	18.96	20.67	21.15	17.61	19.29	24.6	20.93
	2	9.35	13.38	17.62	20.78	21.31	17.82	20.27	24.91	21.18
	3	11.02	12.98	18.53	21.56	20.36	16.98	19.89	25.52	22.21
	4	9.76	12.54	17.8	21.22	20.88	18.06	19.12	24.18	22.38
	5	10.45	13.46	17.95	21.48	20.2	17.33	19.64	24.25	21.61
	MEAN	10.05	13.19	18.17	21.14	20.78	17.56	19.64	24.69	21.66
	SD	0.67	0.43	0.56	0.4	0.48	0.42	0.46	0.49	0.56
Tensile Modulus	1	0.91	2.11	2.17	2.56	2.84	1.94	2.31	3.22	2.46
	2	1.17	1.35	2.35	2.68	2.57	2.31	2.49	3.18	2.83
	3	1.46	1.81	2.48	2.44	2.68	2.11	2.58	3.27	2.78
	4	1.53	1.61	2.1	2.96	2.63	2.45	2.38	2.88	2.46
	5	1.23	1.56	2.51	2.81	2.97	2.4	2.73	3.1	2.52
	MEAN	1.26	1.69	2.32	2.69	2.74	2.24	2.5	3.13	2.61
	SD	0.25	0.28	0.18	0.2	0.16	0.21	0.17	0.15	0.18
Elongation	1	0.91	1.18	2.01	2.11	3.36	2.1	2.42	2.49	2.63
	2	1.05	1.23	2	2.14	3.49	2.13	2.31	2.54	2.63
	3	1.01	1.11	1.91	2.17	3.42	1.95	2.29	2.55	2.65
	4	0.91	1.09	2.04	2.2	3.38	1.89	2.25	2.59	2.72
	5	0.93	1.14	2.09	2.13	3.4	2.04	2.34	2.61	2.67
	MEAN	0.96	1.15	2	2.15	3.41	2.02	2.32	2.56	2.66
	SD	0.057	0.05	0.06	0.03	0.04	0.09	0.05	0.04	0.03
Flexural Strength	1	20.08	47.12	55.4	60.21	56.68	50.87	57.85	66.96	58.54
	2	19.5	47.52	56	60.54	56.82	51.46	58.72	67.93	59.34
	3	21.87	46.86	56.79	59.66	55.67	51.3	58.19	67.71	58.9
	4	20.92	46.5	56.41	59.23	56.31	51.91	59.23	68.68	57.79
	5	20.68	47.91	55.81	60.08	57.07	52.21	58.46	67.39	57.98
	MEAN	20.61	47.18	56.08	59.95	56.49	51.55	58.49	67.73	58.51
	SD	0.89	0.55	0.53	0.51	0.54	0.52	0.52	0.57	0.57
Flexural Modulus	1	17.28	39.98	47.24	50.6	48.15	44.4	51.11	57.05	50.82
	2	16.61	40.34	47.79	51.47	47.46	43.02	50.88	57.65	49.78
	3	17.85	39.75	48.5	50.85	48.82	43.82	49.24	58.8	50.35
	4	18.32	40.86	48.22	52.45	49.11	44.85	49.57	59.1	51.05
	5	18.45	41.6	49.05	51.98	48.41	45.21	50.3	58.2	49.2
	MEAN	17.7	40.51	48.16	51.47	48.39	44.26	50.22	58.16	50.24
	SD	0.68	0.66	0.61	0.68	0.57	0.77	0.72	0.74	0.68
Impact Strength	1	0.49	0.5	0.75	0.79	0.59	0.69	0.71	1.02	0.81
	2	0.45	0.53	0.69	0.84	0.62	0.61	0.68	1.08	1.01
	3	0.38	0.6	0.61	0.94	0.69	0.51	0.75	0.98	0.97
	4	0.42	0.57	0.61	0.99	0.79	0.57	0.77	1.21	0.88
	5	0.51	0.56	0.58	0.88	0.66	0.62	0.8	1.16	0.93
	MEAN	0.45	0.55	0.65	0.89	0.67	0.6	0.74	1.09	0.92
	SD	0.05	0.03	0.06	0.07	0.07	0.06	0.04	0.08	0.07
Micro Hardness	1	33.5	20.95	18.9	19.18	16.41	22.66	21.28	20.65	20.02
	2	31.32	21.36	19.44	19.25	16.66	21.91	21.09	21.15	19.15
	3	31.65	21.61	19.76	18.95	16.11	22.4	21.47	21.03	19.32
	4	33.03	20.6	20.1	19.48	17	21.71	20.86	20.03	19.68
	5	32.5	21.15	19.95	19.64	16.82	22.12	20.95	20.87	20.13
	MEAN	32.4	21.13	19.63	19.3	16.60	22.16	21.13	20.8	19.66
	SD	0.8	0.3	0.4	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.4
Water Absorption	1	0	0.073	0.111	0.247	0.365	0..031	0.057	0.112	0.19
	2	0	0.073	0.103	0.284	0.32	0.031	0.06	0.137	0.185
	3	0	0.073	0.119	0.258	0.335	0.031	0.069	0.108	0.219
	MEAN	0	0.073	0.111	0.263	0.34	0.031	0.062	0.119	0.198
	SD	0	0	0.008	0.019	0.022	0	0.006	0.015	0.018

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