Nanofibers of gelatin and polivinyl-alcohol-chitosan for wound dressing application: fabrication and characterization

Campa-Siqueiros, Paola; Madera-Santana, Tomás Jesús; Ayala-Zavala, Jesús Fernando; López-Cervantes, Jaime; Castillo-Ortega, María Mónica; Herrera-Franco, Pedro Jesús

doi:10.1590/0104-1428.07919

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Polímeros 30 (1) • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0104-1428.07919 copy

Nanofibers of gelatin and polivinyl-alcohol-chitosan for wound dressing application: fabrication and characterization

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Electrospun nanofibers from gelatin (G), chitosan (CS), and chitosan-polyvinyl alcohol (CS-PVA) were developed by electrospinning process. Mechanical properties were determined by the tensile test, the elastic modulus values of the nanofibers were G (15.418-34.34 MPa) and CS-PVA (17.44-126.427 MPa). The morphological characterization by SEM revealed that the systems with 15% G and 6% CS-PVA showed morphological homogeneity. Structural characterization by FTIR indicated an interaction among some functional groups of the component. Thermal analysis by DSC and TGA showed degradation temperatures for G (330 °C), CS (210 °C to 370 °C), and PVA (310 °C to 420 °C). The contact angles values denoted the hydrophilic nature of the material. Finally, the antimicrobial assay proved that both 15% G and 7% PVA on the CS-PVA system presented the best antimicrobial effect. The results indicate that the electrospun nanofibers fabricated with G or CS-PVA can be used as wound healing dressings.

Keywords:
chitosan; electrospinning; gelatin; PVA; wound dressing

Trademarks	Characteristics
Tegasorb P® 3M	Gel. Contains chitosan particles that swell while absorbing exudate and forms the gel.
Chitoflex® HemCom	Gel. Seals and stabilizes the sound
Chitopack C® Eisai	Cotton-like chitosan gel. Rebuilds body and subcutaneous tissue.

Sample	G (%)	CS (%)	PVA (%)	Collector distance (cm)	Injection rate (mL/h)	Voltage (Kv)	Needle caliber (g)
1	15	-	-	10	1	-17	23
2	20	-	-	10	1	15	23
3	-	1	6	10	1	17	22
4	-	1	6	15	1	24	22
5	-	1	7	15	1	21	22
6	-	1	7	15	1	20	23
7	-	1	8	15	2	25	20
8	-	1	8	15	2	22	18

Sample	ΔE	C*	H*
1	3.40 ± 0.17 ^c	1.33 ± 0.20 ^e	66.23 ± 2.01 ^d
2	2.02 ± 0.20 ^b	1.03 ± 0.08 ^e	82.38 ± 1.87 ^d
3	1.19 ± 0.41 ^ab	1.36 ± 0.39 ^ab	53.56 ± 3.77 ^b
4	1.42 ± 0.05 ^ab	1.33 ± 0.22 ^ab	49.14 ± 6.33 ^bc
5	0.68 ± 0.17 ^a	1.68 ± 0.74 ^a	61.16 ± 1.24 ^a
6	1.75 ± 0.10 ^b	1.06 ± 0.18 ^bc	61.33 ± 0.99 ^c
7	1.28 ± 0.44 ^ab	2.03 ± 0.31 ^ab	78.70 ± 1.45 ^bc
8	1.88 ± 0.12 ^b	1.92 ± 0.32 ^cd	76.24 ± 0.82 ^c

Sample	Thickness (mm)	EM (MPa)	TS (MPa)	E (%)
1	0.219 ± 0.05 ^b	34.342 ± 5.3 ^b,c,d	1.052 ± 0.318 ^b,d	4.178 ± 1.354 ª,^c
2	0.297 ± 0.073 ^b	15.418 ± 2.205 ^b,d	0.409 ± 0.215 ^b,d	4.344 ± 1.679 ª,^c
3	0.057 ± 0.014 ^a	NA ^a	14.89 ± 1.726 ^a	16.202 ± 1.56 ^a
4	0.032 ± 0.042 ^a	NA ^b	4.378 ± 3.063 ^b,d	16.852 ± 8.266 ^a
5	0.023 ± 0.003 ^a	116.49 ± 12.599 ^b,c,	8.269 ± 2.252 ^a,b,c	15.818 ± 5.693 ^a
6	0.035 ± 0.007 ^a	17.444 ± 2.948 ^b,c,d	4.237 ± 2.581 ^b,d	27.674 ± 9.698 ª,^b
7	0.024 ± 0.0005 ^a	29.201 ± 6.225 ^b,c,d	5.984 ± 3.426 ^b,d	23.155 ± 8.281 ª,^b
8	0.015 ± 0 ^a	126.427 ± 20.40 ^b,c,d	14.310 ± 5.047 ^a,c	26.502 ± 9.442 ª,^b

Sample	Fiber diameter (nm)	General morphological characteristics
1	111.66 ± 7.57 ^a	Fibrillar formation, no drops or fractures.
2	286.33 ± 2.3 ^b	Fibrillar formation, no drops or fractures.
3	33 ± 2.5 ^c	Fibrillar formation, drops and fiber fracture
4	33 ± 2.5	Fibrillar formation with fractures and pearling
5	17.8 ± 0.9 ^d	Fibrillar formation, pearling, sparse fiber fracture
6	17.8 ± 0.9	Fibrillar formation and sparse fiber fracture
7	27.8 ± 1.06 ^e	Fibrillar formation, drops and fiber fracture
8	27.8 ± 1.06 ^e	Fibrillar formation, drops and fiber fracture

Sample	Melting Temperature CS (°C)	Melting Temperature PVA (°C)	ΔH CS (J/g)	ΔH PVA (J/g)
Neat	91.3	181.3	350.8	102.9
3	101.0	182.0	70.0	11.5
4	82.9	185.1	67.0	15.0
5	90.3	184.3	44.7	12.0
6	84.1	185.1	83.2	12.8
7	90.0	185.1	56.3	16.3
8	92.4	185.9	60.9	18.5

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Sample	G (%)	CS (%)	PVA (%)	Collector distance (cm)	Injection rate (mL/h)	Voltage (Kv)	Needle caliber (g)
1	15	-	-	10	1	-17	23
2	20	-	-	10	1	15	23
3	-	1	6	10	1	17	22
4	-	1	6	15	1	24	22
5	-	1	7	15	1	21	22
6	-	1	7	15	1	20	23
7	-	1	8	15	2	25	20
8	-	1	8	15	2	22	18

Sample	G (%)	CS (%)	PVA (%)	Collector distance (cm)	Injection rate (mL/h)	Voltage (Kv)	Needle caliber (g)
1	15	-	-	10	1	-17	23
2	20	-	-	10	1	15	23
3	-	1	6	10	1	17	22
4	-	1	6	15	1	24	22
5	-	1	7	15	1	21	22
6	-	1	7	15	1	20	23
7	-	1	8	15	2	25	20
8	-	1	8	15	2	22	18

Sample	G (%)	CS (%)	PVA (%)	Collector distance (cm)	Injection rate (mL/h)	Voltage (Kv)	Needle caliber (g)
1	15	-	-	10	1	-17	23
2	20	-	-	10	1	15	23
3	-	1	6	10	1	17	22
4	-	1	6	15	1	24	22
5	-	1	7	15	1	21	22
6	-	1	7	15	1	20	23
7	-	1	8	15	2	25	20
8	-	1	8	15	2	22	18