In this paper we present 0-1 integer linear programming models for problems of loading rectangular boxes into containers, trucks or railway cars, considering the practical constraints of stability and load bearing strength of the cargo. The models can also be applied to three-dimensional problems of loading rectangular boxes on pallets, in which the boxes do not need to be arranged in horizontal layers on the pallet. We are not aware of other studies in the literature that present mathematical formulations to these problems considering these constraints explicitly. Computational experiments with the proposed models were performed with the software GAMS/CPLEX and randomly generated instances. The results showed that the models are consistent and they properly represent the situations treated, although this approach (in its current version) is limited to optimally solve only problems of moderate size. However, the models can be useful to motivate future research exploring decomposition methods, relaxations, heuristics, among others, to solve these problems.
cutting and packing problems; container loading; combinatorial optimization; mathematical modeling
