This paper raises raises some questions on the relationship between anthropology and education from a historical perspective, involving the foundation of the first "offices of pedagogical anthropology" in the first half of the twentieth century, aiming thereby to rethink the history of Brazilian anthropology, highlighting the place anthropology occupied with the process of teacher formation in Brazil. Another highlight is the relationship between the movement of the "New School", the hygienist perspective and this pedagogical anthropology developed here.
Pedagogical Anthropology; history of Anthropology; teacher formation; new school movement