Social validity of a contextual behavioral science-based intervention for retirement education

Barbosa, Leonardo Martins; Murta, Sheila Giardini

doi:10.1186/s41155-019-0137-0

Leonardo Martins Barbosa

Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF CEP 70910-900, Brazil

Sheila Giardini Murta ^** Correspondence: giardini@unb.br

Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF CEP 70910-900, Brazil

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5515-5219

* Correspondence: giardini@unb.br

Authors' contributions

LMB was responsible for data collection, data analysis, and writing. SGM was responsible for research design and writing review. Both authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Competing interests

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Meeting	Activity	Group
1	Presentation of the intervention	1, 2, 3
	Predictors of adjustment to retirement	1, 2, 3
	Presentation of the ACT Matrix	1, 2, 3
	List of values	1, 2, 3
	Task: activity monitoring chart	1, 2, 3
	Meeting evaluation	1, 2, 3
2	Results of previous meeting evaluation	1, 2, 3
	VLQ: three main life domains	1, 2, 3
	ACT Matrix: first life domain	1, 2, 3
	Task: behavioral activation table	1, 2, 3
	Task: describing first life domain relevance	1, 2, 3
	Meeting evaluation	1, 2, 3
3	Results of previous meeting evaluation	1, 2, 3
	Task review	1, 2, 3
	ACT Matrix—second life domain	1, 2, 3
	Task: behavioral activation table	1, 2, 3
	Task: describing second life domain relevance	1, 2, 3
	Meeting evaluation	1, 2, 3
4	Results of previous meeting evaluation	2, 3
	Task review	2, 3
	ACT Matrix—third life domain	2, 3
	Task: behavioral activation table	2, 3
	Task: describing third life domain relevance	2, 3
	Meeting evaluation	2, 3
5	Results of previous meeting evaluation	3
	Task review	3
	ACT Matrix—fourth life domain	3
	Task: behavioral activation table	3
	Task: describing fourth life domain relevance	3
	Meeting evaluation	3
6	Results of previous meeting evaluation	3
	Task review	3
	ACT Matrix—fifth life domain	3
	Task: behavioral activation table	3
	Task: describing fifth life domain relevance	3
	Task: individual plans for retirement	3
	Meeting evaluation	3
7	Results of previous meeting evaluation	1, 2, 3
	Task review	1, 2, 3
	Next steps	1, 2, 3
	Intervention evaluation	1, 2, 3

	Positive aspects		Negative aspects		Average satisfaction
	Category	n	Category	n	Average satisfaction
Facilitator	Assertiveness	13	Direction	4	9.2
	Flexibility	13	Clarity	2
	Attention to the present	8	Time	2
	Satisfactory	3
Content and procedures	Productive	8	Instruction	4	9
	Clarity	6	Time	4
	Satisfactory	3	Social interaction	1
	Tailored	2
Material	Satisfactory	10	Material	5	9
	Didactic	7	Integrity	2
	Responsive	2
General	Satisfactory	8	Social insertion	3	9.2
	Personal benefit	5	Procedures	3
	Social interaction	4	Personal matters	3

Participant 1		F	Participant 2	F	Participant 3	F
Health
	Physical therapy	5	Exercise	6	Exercise	1
	Exercise	6	Medications	7	Physical therapy	3
	Meditation	6
	Healthy eating	1
Career
	Yoga lessons	2	Regular activities	6	Regular activities	5
	Yoga studies	3
	Mantras course	1
Leisure
	Breakfast in the bakery	1	Radio in the car	2	TV	5
	Reading	4	Conversation with son	1	Shopping	2
	Music	1	Bike ride with son	1	Lunch	1
	Swimming pool	2	Supermarket	1	Dinner	1
	Sauna	1	TV	1	Travel	1
	Newspaper	2	Visit to relatives	1
	Family afternoon	1	Son's basketball match	1
	TV	2
	Gongo	1
	Cinema	1
	Lunch with relatives	1
	Gardening	1
Friendship
	N/A		N/A		–
Close relationships
	Breakfast	1	Dialog during meals	5	N/A
	Lunch (2)	2	Son's basketball match	1
	Exercise	1	Organizing living room	1
	Shopping	1	Visit to relatives	1
	Afternoon with daughters	1
	Dialog during meals	1

Expectations
	Question		Participant's answer
		Why did I seek out this activity?	I need more focus, more reality, to be more “grounded,” and to get better organized regarding time; opportunities to talk, work, organize, and put into action what I want to do from now on; to talk and deal with the fear of the new and the unknown path.
		What do I expect to achieve by the end of the activity?	To have put more order in and higher priority on what I want to do; to have guidance for how am I going to do what I want to do; to have gained some “capacity” or tools to deal with my insecurity and fear - so these do not hinder me.
Goals
	Activity		Life domain and meeting number
			Health meeting 2	Career meeting 3	Leisure meeting 4	Career meeting 5	Couples meeting 6
		To meditate 5 days a week, at 5 am	Yes	<¹ 1 Meditated 4 days a week	Yes	Yes	Yes
		Call coworkers, physician, and psychologist		>² 2 Also registered at a conference of interest
		Talk to husband about leisure together			No
		Read an item from the class				Yes
		Quit a few professional projects				Yes
Final evaluation
	Question		Participant's answer
		When I compare my expectations to my results, I think that:	I really saw the need to prioritize and I started the process of prioritizing between the lessons I took and in the areas where I can act. I learned a tool - [the ACT] Matrix - which will help me to walk through this process. I learned the importance of the group (any kind of group) in my personal project. Personal project does not mean isolation nor that will it happen if I isolate myself.

Expectations
	Question		Participant's answer
		Why did I seek out this activity?	I have been in public service for 46 years; I never acted without being employed [by a company or government]; it's time to think about what to do in the upcoming years. I do not want to waste what I learned. I know how to help people and I want to continue doing so.
		What do I expect to achieve by the end of the activity?	A plan for activities to be performed as a selfemployed individual. Some possibilities for work. To learn more about life after retirement.
Goals
	Activity		Life domain and meeting number
			Health meeting 2	Career meeting 3	Leisure meeting 4	Career meeting 5	Couples meeting 6
		Eat up to 3 slices of wholegrain bread per day	>¹ 1 Changed his goal to up to 2 slices of bread per day	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
		Drink at most 2 cups of coffee per day	Yes	Yes	<² 2 Exceeded the goal limit	Yes	Yes
		List five options for future professional activities		>³ 3 Listed 10 options
		Do 2 leisure activities with wife			>⁴ 4 Happy hour, 2 movies at the theater, getting groceries, preparing lunch, riding a bicycle ,⁵ 5 Reported that other changes started after the beginning of the intervention: eliminated after-work snack; reduced eating at night; lost 4 kg; at work, acted with less criticism and more calmly		Yes
		Structure and write down business plans				Yes	Yes
		Pay attention to son's bedtime					Yes
Final evaluation
	Question		Participant's reply
		When I compare my expectations to my results, I think that:	The results exceeded my expectations greatly. I've learned with my group of colleagues how to think, plan, and share ideas about the future. I have to have challenging but attainable goals. The meetings helped to highlight the need to plan for the future based on social and psychological factors (the predictors) which interfere in people's adjustment, in my adjustment, when I retire.

Expectations
	Question		Participant's answer
		Why did I seek out this activity?	I feel prepared for retirement, but I know it's a new phase that will certainly bring some difficulty in adaptation. Exchanging ideas with other people who are going through the same process can help me see other aspects I have not considered.
		What do I expect to achieve by the end of the activity?	To be prepared to face a new challenge regarding the things which still worry me and to have contributed in some way to the other participants.
Goals
	Activity		Life domain and meeting number
			Health meeting 2	Career meeting 3	Leisure meeting 4	Friendships meeting 5
		Drink no more than 3 coffees per day	Yes	>¹ 1 Changed the goal to no more than 2 coffees per day	<² 2 Exceeded the goal limit
		Watch three videos about financial education		Yes
		Go out with friend			Yes
		Make a list of friends I would like to meet again				Yes
		Invite Sonia to visit her granddaughter				Yes
		Do small favors				x
Final evaluation
	Question		Participant's answer
		When I compare my expectations to my results, I think that:	My goals were reached as I identified the areas to be worked. The developed techniques helped me identify my difficulties and develop strategies to deal with them. The acquaintanceship with people involved in the same project made me think of other possibilities I had not considered until then. In the same way, I think to have contributed, in some way, to the group's growth.

[1] * Correspondence: giardini@unb.br

Brasil

Brasil

Social validity of a contextual behavioral science-based intervention for retirement education

Abstract