The relationship of internalizing problems with emotional intelligence and social skills in secondary education students: gender differences

Salavera, Carlos; Usán, Pablo; Teruel, Pilar

doi:10.1186/s41155-018-0115-y

Acessibilidade / Reportar erro

Brasil

Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica

Español English

Brasil

Español English

sumário « anterior atual seguinte »

Sumário

Developmental Psychology, RESEARCH • Psicol. Reflex. Crit. 32 • 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1186/s41155-018-0115-y copy

The relationship of internalizing problems with emotional intelligence and social skills in secondary education students: gender differences

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Internalizing problems (depression, anxiety, social anxiety, somatic complaints, post-traumatic symptoms, and obsession-compulsion) are very important in adolescents’ development. These problems can be related with people who lack social skills and poorly handle their emotions. This study assessed 1358 secondary education students (12-17 years) to analyze the relationship linking internalizing problems, emotional intelligence, and social skills. The results showed not only how these constructs were related, but how students’ internalizing problems varied according to their emotional intelligence and social skills. They also indicated that two in every three males, and just over one in every two females, obtained high scores for internalizing problems. The model showed a good fit: χ²(85) = 201.161 p <0.001; X²/g/ = 2.367; CFI = 0.919; NFI = 0.869; TLI = 0.900; RMSEA = 0.075, IC 95% (0.062-0.089). Finally, gender influenced the way that internalizing problems, emotional intelligence, and social skills were related, and an inverse relation appeared to link internalizing problems, emotional intelligence (r = - .77), and social skills (r = - .52) for females, while this relationship was poorer for males. By way of conclusion, we state that internalizing problems are related with emotional intelligence and social skills in secondary education students, but this relationship differs according to gender.

Keywords:
Internalizing problems; Social skills; Emotional intelligence; Secondary education students

	Males		Females		Total		F	Sig.
	Mean	s.d.	Mean	s.d.	Mean	s.d.	F	Sig.
Depression	50.92	10.05	54.65	12.18	53.04	11.14	7.683	.006
Anxiety	46.82	9.24	53.93	10.57	50.25	10.40	34.427	.000
Social anxiety	49.65	9.12	54.04	12.12	51.64	10.83	11.684	.001
Somatic complaints	51.26	9.28	54.45	10.96	53.11	10.26	6.747	.010
Post-traumatic symptoms	49.84	10.10	53.60	12.05	51.89	11.13	7.830	.006
Obsession-compulsion	53.96	10.79	46.53	9.63	51.99	58.94	.889	.347
Well-being	30.58	6.95	29.33	7.91	30.01	7.40	5.178	.024
Self-control	26.12	5.16	23.59	6.17	25.02	5.76	25.860	.000
Emotionality	37.35	6.52	38.46	7.30	37.78	6.91	1.036	.309
Sociability	27.31	5.31	27.29	5.56	27.25	5.40	.006	.940
Initiation	10.66	2.61	10.30	2.83	10.48	2.71	.945	.332
Negative assertion	10.52	2.56	10.47	2.76	10.49	2.66	.008	.929
Emotional support	12.08	2.47	13.21	2.11	12.60	2.38	16.338	.000
Self-disclosure	10.85	2.57	11.29	3.02	11.04	2.80	.841	.360
Conflict management	10.61	2.17	10.54	2.23	10.60	2.21	.445	.505

	Depression	Anxiety	Social anxiety	Somatic complaints	Post-traumatic symptoms	Obsession-compulsion
Well-being	– .533^ p < 0,01	– .281^ p < 0,01	– .373^ p < 0,01	– .331^ p < 0,01	– .438^ p < 0,01	– .160^* * p < 0,05
Self-control	– .225^ p < 0,01	– .181^ p < 0,01	– .144^* * p < 0,05	– .203^ p < 0,01	– .233^ p < 0,01	.021
Emotionality	– .226^ p < 0,01	– .059	– .249^ p < 0,01	– .143^* * p < 0,05	– .260^ p < 0,01	– .017
Sociability	– .198^ p < 0,01	– .113	– .339^ p < 0,01	– .136^* * p < 0,05	– .179^ p < 0,01	.077
Initiation	– .181^ p < 0,01	– .136^* * p < 0,05	– .331^ p < 0,01	– .101	– .126	.073
Negative assertion	– .250^ p < 0,01	– .147^* * p < 0,05	– .200^ p < 0,01	– .095	– .140^* * p < 0,05	.073
Emotional support	– .093	.148^* * p < 0,05	.050	– .035	– .047	.050
Self-disclosure	– .299^ p < 0,01	– .160^* * p < 0,05	– .285^ p < 0,01	– .220^ p < 0,01	– .245^ p < 0,01	– .032
Conflict management	– .144^* * p < 0,05	– .039	– .074	– .110	– .138^* * p < 0,05	.013

	Males			x	ds	Females			x	ds
	1	2	3	x	ds	1	2	3	x	ds
Depression	43.83	67.90	53.26	50.92	10.05	46.61	76.15	54.75	54.65	12.18
Anxiety	39.87	61.30	50.28	46.82	9.24	45.67	66.62	60.09	53.93	10.57
Social anxiety	43.54	61.10	52.91	49.65	9.12	45.17	66.31	61.03	54.04	12.12
Somatic complaints	44.35	67.60	54.23	51.26	9.28	46.78	70.15	58.31	54.45	10.96
Post-traumatic symptoms	41.98	67.90	53.77	49.84	10.10	46.33	73.38	54.31	53.60	12.05
Obsession-compulsion	46.70	68.00	58.21	53.96	10.79	50.19	67.46	59.47	46.53	9.63
Well-being	31.91	23.30	29.91	30.58	6.95	32.86	16.54	29.06	29.33	7.91
Self-control	27.07	22.90	24.40	26.12	5.16	24.97	21.46	24.81	23.59	6.17
Emotionality	38.85	31.10	37.02	37.35	6.52	41.22	32.69	37.53	38.46	7.30
Sociability	28.70	23.40	26.77	27.31	5.31	29.14	25.00	25.47	27.29	5.56
Initiation	11.00	9.90	10.87	10.66	2.61	11.08	9.00	9.53	10.30	2.83
Negative assertion	11.39	9.90	10.32	10.52	2.56	11.00	9.77	9.88	10.47	2.76
Emotional support	12.54	11.60	12.25	12.08	2.47	13.53	12.54	13.53	13.21	2.11
Self-disclosure	11.52	9.30	11.08	10.85	2.57	12.53	7.92	10.41	11.29	3.02
Conflict management	11.33	9.80	10.49	10.61	2.17	11.39	9.85	10.53	10.54	2.23
N (%)	291 (42.11%)	64 (9.26%)	336 (48.63%)			294 (44.08%)	110 (16.49%)	263 (39.43%)

Model	DF	CMIN	P	NFI Delta-1	IFI Delta-2	RFI rho-1	TLI rho2
Measurement weights	12	28,834	.004	.016	.018	.006	.007
Measurement intercepts	27	107,295	.000	.061	.066	.042	.047
Structural covariances	33	124,581	.000	.071	.077	.045	.051
Measurement residuals	48	729,259	.000	.413	.452	.386	.438

Curso de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600 - sala 110, 90035-003 Porto Alegre RS - Brazil, Tel.: +55 51 3308-5691 - Porto Alegre - RS - Brazil
E-mail: prc@springeropen.com

Acompanhe os números deste periódico no seu leitor de RSS

[1] * Correspondence: salavera@unizar.es