Comparison of methods for controlling acquiescence bias in balanced and unbalanced scales

About the authors:

Gustavo Henrique Martins is a psychologist, has Master’s degree, and Ph.D. candidate in the Graduate School of Psychology Assessment at the University of São Francisco. He is currently the Research Manager at the Laboratory of Sciences for Education (eduLab21) at the Ayrton Senna Institute. He is also a Founding Partner of the CATvante: Computerized Testing Laboratory. E-mail:gustavoh.martins95@gmail.com

Felipe Valentini is a psychologist and has a Ph.D. in Psychology from the University of Brasília (UnB). He is currently a professor in the Postgraduate Program in Psychology, with a focus on Psychological Assessment, at the University of São Francisco. E-mail:valentini.felipe@gmail.com

Bruno Bonfá-Araujo is a psychologist, specialized in Neuroscience from the Federal University of São Paulo, and has Master’s and Ph.D. degrees in Psychology from the University of São Francisco. He is currently a postdoctoral researcher at the University of Western Ontario in Psychology. E-mail:brunobonffa@outlook.com

Adriana Satico Ferraz is a psychologist, with Master’s and Ph.D. degrees in Psychology from the University of São Francisco (research area: Psychological and Educational Assessment). She is currently a Professor in the Postgraduate Program in Psychology at the University Center of Brasília (CEUB), in the line of re-search Health, Clinical, and Psychological Assessment. E-mail:adrianasatico.as@gmail.com

Fernanda Otoni is a psychologist, with Master’s and Ph.D. degrees in Psychology from the University of São Francisco, specialized in Neuropsychological Assessment and Child Psychology from Anhembi Morumbi University. She is a Professor in the Postgraduate Program in Psychology Forensic at the University Tuiuti do Paraná (UTP), in the line of research Neuropsychology Forensic. E-mail:fer_ottoni@hotmail.com

André Pereira Gonçalves has a Master’s and Ph.D. in Psychology from the Graduate School of Psychology Assessment at the University of São Francisco. He is a psychologist from UNIFENAS. Currently, he is a professor in the Psychology course at the Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), campus Vitória da Conquista - BA. His research focuses on pathological personality traits and mental health. E-mail:andregoncalvespsi@gmail.com

Simulations with low loadings							Simulation with high loadings
	Acq Var 0.05		Acq Var 0.10		Acq Var 0.20			Acq Var 0.20
Simulated loadings	Loadings without control		Loadings without control		Loadings without control		Simulated loadings	Loadings without control
0.43	0.48		0.52		0.59		0.73	0.85
0.38	0.44		0.49		0.58		0.68	0.82
0.42	0.48		0.52		0.59		0.72	0.85
0.40	0.45		0.50		0.58		0.70	0.83
0.33	0.41		0.46		0.56		0.63	0.78
-0.31	-0.09		0.09		0.31		-0.61	-0.12
0.33	0.41		0.46		0.55		0.63	0.78
0.38	0.45		0.49		0.57		0.68	0.82
0.30	0.38		0.45		0.54		0.60	0.76
0.42	0.48		0.53		0.59		0.72	0.85
0.45	0.51		0.54		0.60		0.75	0.87
-0.45	-0.22		-0.03		0.22		-0.75	-0.27
0.47	0.52		0.56		0.62		0.77	0.89
0.39	0.45		0.51		0.59		0.69	0.83
0.38	0.45		0.50		0.58		0.68	0.82
0.41	0.47		0.52		0.59		0.71	0.84
0.49	0.54		0.57		0.63		0.79	0.91
-0.43	-0.21		-0.02		0.23		-0.73	-0.26
0.41	0.47		0.51		0.58		0.71	0.84
0.35	0.42		0.48		0.57		0.65	0.80
0.34	0.42		0.47		0.56		0.64	0.79
0.32	0.39		0.45		0.55		0.62	0.77
0.46	0.52		0.55		0.61		0.76	0.88
-0.49	-0.25		-0.06		0.20		-0.79	-0.31
0.48	0.53		0.56		0.61		0.78	0.89
0.33	0.41		0.47		0.56		0.63	0.78
0.37	0.44		0.49		0.57		0.67	0.81
0.45	0.51		0.54		0.60		0.75	0.87
0.39	0.46		0.50		0.58		0.69	0.83
-0.41	-0.18		0.01		0.26		-0.71	-0.21
	Bias		Bias		Bias			Bias
	Pos	Neg	Pos	Neg	Pos	Neg		Pos	Neg
	0.17	-0.56	0.29	-1.01	0.50	-1.61		0.20	-0.68

	χ ² (gl)	CFI	TLI	RMSEA
Unbalanced without control	3240.49 (395)	0.86	0.84	0.09
Unbalanced MIMIC	2922.16 (395)	0.88	0.85	0.09
Unbalanced RI	2917.26 (394)	0.87	0.86	0.09
Balanced without control	2222.19 (395)	0.85	0.84	0.07
Balanced MIMIC	1860.23 (395)	0.89	0.87	0.07
Balanced RI	1866.66 (394)	0.88	0.87	0.07

Brasil