Evidence of Validity of a Modern Homonegativity Measure against Gays and Lesbians

Kaline da Silva Lima holds a degree in Psychology from Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), a Master’s degree in Decision Models and Health (UFPB), and is a Doctoral Student in Social Psychology (UFPB). ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6127-5815 E-mail: kaline.s.lima@hotmail.com

Juliana Maria Vieira Tenório holds a degree in Psychology from Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), and a Master’s degree in Decision Models and Health (UFPB). She is currently Coordinator and Psychologist at CAPS- I Juliana Ana de Lima in the municipality of Riacho dos Cavalos- PB. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5569-7998 E-mail: julianatenorioo@hotmail.com

Francisco Romário Silveira is a psychologist graduated from the Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB). He is currently a member of the Psychological Listening and Support Center (NAEPSI). ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6054-9837 E-mail: mariofrs@live.com

Luã Medeiros Fernandes de Melo is a Psychology undergraduate student at the Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB) and member of the Research Group on Mental Health and Chemical Dependence (GPSMDQ) and of the Research Group on Child Development and Adolescence (NUPEDIA). ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7353-1441 E-mail: luan.medeirosfm@gmail.com

Josemberg Moura de Andrade is a psychologist graduated from Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), holds a Ph.D. and a Master’s degree in Social and Work Psychology in the area of Assessment and Measurement from the Universidade de Brasília (UnB). Member of the Advisory Committee on Psychological Assessment at UnB. He is currently a professor at the Institute of Psychology at UnB. He is a member of the Advisory Committee on Psychological Assessment of the Federal Council of Psychology. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2611-0908 E-mail: josemberg.andrade@hotmail.com

Scale	Number of factors	Adjustment indices	g.l	Scree Test
MHS-G	0	0.056	66	0.000
	1	0.405	54	4.994*
	2	0.469	43	0.000

MHS-L	0	0.060	66	0.000
	1	0.409	54	6.681*
	2	0.457	43	0.000

Item contents	h	h²
1. Many gay men use their sexual orientation so they can get special privileges.	0.74	0.67
2. Apparently, gay men focus on their differences with heterosexuals and ignore the similarities.	0.71	0.68
3. Gay men do not have all the rights they need.*	-0.72	0.71
4. Celebrations such as “Gay Pride Day” are ridiculous because they assume that an individual’s sexual orientation should be a source of pride.	0.81	0.88
5. Gay men still need to protest for equal rights.*	-0.84	0.88
6. Gay men should stop imposing their lifestyle on other people.	0.81	0.79
7. If gay men want the same treatment as everyone else’s, then, they need to stop exposing their sexuality/culture so much.	0.88	0,92
8. Gay men who are “out of the closet” should be admired for their courage.*	-0.55	0.46
9. Gay men should stop complaining about how they are treated in society, and simply continue living with their lives.	0.79	0.77
10. In difficult economic times like today, Brazilian tax money should not be used to support gay organisations.	0.71	0.59
11. Gay men have been very controversial in seeking equal rights.	0.79	0.71
12. Public displays of affection are unnecessary in homosexual couples.	0.75	0.66

Explained Variance (%)	0.60
Cronbach’s Alpha	0.92

Item contents	h	h²
1. Many lesbians use their sexual orientation so they can get special privileges.	0.79	0.80
2. Apparently, lesbians focus on their differences with heterosexuals and ignore the similarities.	0.70	0.69
3. Lesbians do not have all the rights they need.*	-0.78	0.89
4. Celebrations such as “Gay Pride Day” are ridiculous because they assume that a lesbian’s sexual orientation should be a source of pride.	0.84	0.87
5. Lesbians still need to protest for equal rights.*	-0.84	0.91
6. Lesbians must stop imposing their lifestyle on other people.	0.82	0.80
7. If lesbians want the same treatment as everyone else’s, then they need to stop exposing their sexuality/culture so much.	0.89	0,92
8. Lesbians who are “out of the closet” should be admired for their courage.*	-0.60	0.50
9. Lesbians should stop complaining about how they are treated in society, and just get on with their lives.	0.81	0.80
10. In difficult economic times like today, Brazilian tax money should not be used to support lesbian organisations.	0.71	0.67
11. Lesbians have been very controversial in their quest for equal rights.	0.79	0.72
12. Public displays of affection are unnecessary in lesbian couples.	0.78	0.76

Explained Variance (%)	0.63
Cronbach’s Alpha	0.92

Brasil