Bovine rabies: economic loss and its mitigation through antirabies vaccination

Rabies is among the most common neurological disease in cattle in Brazil, causing significant economic losses. Data on the economic impact of rabies in livestock are available in several countries. However, in Brazil, these data focus mainly on the public health point o view, emphasizing the costs related to the prevention of rabies in humans, in dogs, or wildlife. Specific studies carried out in different regions of Brazil indicate critical economic losses caused by rabies in cattle in this country. However, the studies on the losses caused by the disease in cattle lack a detailed analysis of the affected rural properties based on data from official disease control agencies. The objective of this work was to evaluate the economic impact of bovine rabies, and its mitigation through antirabies vaccination in rural properties in Mato Grosso do Sul, Midwestern Brazil.

INDEX TERMS:
Bovine rabies; economic loss; antirabies vaccination; cattle; clinics

Authorship

Ana Karla M. Mello

Postgraduate Program in Animal Science, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FAMEZ), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Av. Senador Felinto Muller 2443, Jd. Monte Alegre, Campo Grande, MS 79074-460, Brazil.Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do SulBrazilCampo Grande, MS, Brazil Postgraduate Program in Animal Science, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FAMEZ), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Av. Senador Felinto Muller 2443, Jd. Monte Alegre, Campo Grande, MS 79074-460, Brazil.

Ricardo C. Brumatti

Danielle A. Neves

Divisão de Defesa Sanitária Animal, Agência Estadual de Defesa Sanitária Animal e Vegetal (IAGRO), Av. Senador Filinto Muller 1146, Campo Grande, MS 79074-902.Agência Estadual de Defesa Sanitária Animal e VegetalBrazilCampo Grande, MS, Brazil Divisão de Defesa Sanitária Animal, Agência Estadual de Defesa Sanitária Animal e Vegetal (IAGRO), Av. Senador Filinto Muller 1146, Campo Grande, MS 79074-902.

Lilian O.B. Alcântara

Fábio S. Araújo

Alberto O. Gaspar

Ricardo A.A. Lemos ^**Corresponding author: lap.famez@ufms.br

Laboratório de Anatomia Patológica, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FAMEZ), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Av. Senador Felinto Muller 2443, Jd. Monte Alegre, Campo Grande, MS 79074-460. Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do SulBrazilCampo Grande, MS, Brazil Laboratório de Anatomia Patológica, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FAMEZ), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Av. Senador Felinto Muller 2443, Jd. Monte Alegre, Campo Grande, MS 79074-460.

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0506-6458

*Corresponding author: lap.famez@ufms.br

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figures | Tables | Formulas

Figures (5)
Tables (1)
Formulas (5)

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Fig.1.
Map of Mato Grosso do Sul highlighting the municipalities where one or more rabies outbreak occurred from 2010 to 2016. The number of outbreaks for each municipality is noted.

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Fig.2.
Histogram of the distribution of the values in US dollars of estimated stockholders’ equity of the rural properties where outbreaks of bovine rabies occurred.

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Fig3.
Histogram of the distribution of the values in US dollars of estimated economic losses of the rural properties where outbreaks of bovine rabies occurred.

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Fig.4.
Histogram of the distribution of the values in US dollars of the estimated cost with vaccination in rural properties where outbreaks of bovine rabies occurred.

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Fig.5.
Histogram of distribution of the values of the ratios (%) between estimated cost with vaccination and estimated economic losses for rural properties where outbreaks of bovine rabies occurred.

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Table 1.
Epidemiological data on bovine rabies outbreaks in Mato Grosso do Sul, from 2010 to 2016

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Fig.1. Map of Mato Grosso do Sul highlighting the municipalities where one or more rabies outbreak occurred from 2010 to 2016. The number of outbreaks for each municipality is noted.

Fig.2. Histogram of the distribution of the values in US dollars of estimated stockholders’ equity of the rural properties where outbreaks of bovine rabies occurred.

Fig3. Histogram of the distribution of the values in US dollars of estimated economic losses of the rural properties where outbreaks of bovine rabies occurred.

Fig.4. Histogram of the distribution of the values in US dollars of the estimated cost with vaccination in rural properties where outbreaks of bovine rabies occurred.

Fig.5. Histogram of distribution of the values of the ratios (%) between estimated cost with vaccination and estimated economic losses for rural properties where outbreaks of bovine rabies occurred.

Table 1. Epidemiological data on bovine rabies outbreaks in Mato Grosso do Sul, from 2010 to 2016

Outbreak	Month	Year	Municipality	Number of cattle in the herd	Number of deaths	Morbidity (%)
1	January	2010	Alcinópolis	5,970	76	1.27
2	February	2010	Pedro Gomes	1,609	6	0.37
3	March	2010	Alcinópolis	584	2	0.34
4	March	2010	Alcinópolis	39	3	7.69
5	August	2010	Alcinópolis	338	2	0.59
6	December	2010	Taquarussu	37	1	2.7
7	December	2010	Taquarussu	150	2	1.33
8	December	2010	Taquarussu	85	1	1.18
9	March	2011	Aquidauana	996	6	0.6
10	March	2011	Rio Brilhante	1,282	5	0.39
11	February	2011	Nova Alvorada do Sul	499	2	0.4
12	March	2011	Cassilândia	234	6	2.56
13	March	2011	Cassilândia	258	1	0.39
14	October	2011	Cassilândia	182	1	0.55
15	October	2011	Cassilândia	488	1	0.2
16	October	2011	Cassilândia	57	1	1.75
17	December	2011	Nova Alvorada do Sul	441	3	0.68
18	March	2012	Inocência	419	2	0.47
19	May	2012	Anastácio	903	12	1.33
20	June	2012	Miranda	421	3	0.71
21	October	2012	Miranda	1430	1	0.07
22	January	2013	Caracol	572	5	0.87
23	May	2013	Inocência	636	4	0.63
24	May	2013	Mundo Novo	21	1	4.76
25	June	2013	Mundo Novo	22	1	4.55
26	June	2013	Mundo Novo	20	1	10
27	September	2013	Sonora	5,297	33	0.62
28	February	2014	Bela Vista	2,482	1	0.04
29	March	2014	Taquarussu	10	2	20
30	April	2014	Bonito	1,388	6	0.43
31	April	2014	Coxim	19	2	10.53
32	April	2014	Bonito	1,024	10	0.97
33	May	2014	Bonito	318	4	1.26
34	May	2014	Bonito	18	2	11.11
35	June	2014	Sete Quedas	1,196	3	0.25
36	June	2014	Bela Vista	533	9	1.69
37	July	2014	Sete Quedas	1,106	2	0.18
38	June	2014	Inocência	139	3	2.16
39	July	2014	Pedro Gomes	595	2	0.34
40	September	2014	Sete Quedas	1,321	1	0.08
41	October	2014	Tacuru	430	7	1.63
42	October	2014	Sete Quedas	731	2	0.27
43	November	2014	Bela Vista	231	2	0.87
44	May	2015	Rio Brilhante	68	2	2.94
45	April	2015	Pedro Gomes	661	9	1.36
46	June	2015	Bela Vista	1,200	33	2.75
47	July	2015	Ribas do Rio Pardo	577	2	0.35
48	July	2015	Campo Grande	150	1	0.67
49	March	2015	Corumbá	27	3	11.11
50	March	2015	Pedro Gomes	150	1	0.67
51	April	2016	Nova Andradina	4,268	6	0.14
52	September	2016	Novo Horizonte do Sul	6,210	8	0.13
TOTAL				47,842	305

Morb . = (\frac{Total of sick cattle}{Total cattle population at risk}) \times 100

PEs = (N .cattle) \times (E .weight \times E .Y .C) \times US$ / Kg

EconLCat = (Σ head cat \times (E .weight \times EYC)) \times US$ / Kg

Cvac / cat . = (Σ head catx numbers of vaccine doses) \times U S $ / d o s e

C .Vac . / P .Econ = ((TVacC) / TEconL) \times 100

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Bovine rabies: economic loss and its mitigation through antirabies vaccination

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[1] *Corresponding author: lap.famez@ufms.br