Aspects of spermatogenesis and microscopic testicular morphology in Greater Rhea, <i>Rhea americana</i> (Linnaeus, 1758)

Freneau, Gustavo E.; Carvalho, Saulo F.M.; Saboia-Morais, Simone M.T.; Freneau, Breno N.

doi:10.1590/S0100-736X2016001000019

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ANIMAL MORPHOPHYSIOLOGY • Pesq. Vet. Bras. 36 (10) • Oct 2016 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-736X2016001000019 copy

Aspects of spermatogenesis and microscopic testicular morphology in Greater Rhea, Rhea americana (Linnaeus, 1758)

Aspectos da espermatogênese e morfologia microscópica testicular em Emas, Rhea americana (Linnaeus, 1758)

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT:

The purpose of this study was to study the microscopic morphology of the testicular parenchyma of Rhea americana birds. Fifty-four 2.5±0.5 year-old male adults bred in captivity. were used. During commercial slaughter, samples of testis were collected in November/2005, December/2006 and May/2007, in order to compare possible differences. The samples underwent optical microscopy analysis and measurements of seminiferous tubule (ST) total diameters, lumen, epithelium thickness and the relative volume of parenchyma. The ST had circular form in transverse cross sections. November/2005 and December/2006 samples had many types of germinative cells and spermatozoa in lumen, but in May/2007 the samples of epithelium were poor regarding meiotic and mitotic pictures, and it was difficult to find any spermatozoon; in many tubules the lumen was inexistent or diminished. In December/2006 and May/2007 the averages were: tubule diameter 110.3 and 5.3mμ, lumen 52.4 and 4.5mμ, epithelium thickness 57.8 and 0.7mμ respectively. The volumetric proportions were: seminiferous epithelium 75.6 and 75.9, cysts in epithelium 2.1 and 1.0, ST 93.3 and 84.0, interstitium 6.2 and 15.6 respectively. The sperm reserves were: 19.7±2 and 0±0 x109 sperm cells in December 2006 and May 2007 respectively. Microscopic measures of seminiferous tubules, spermatic cells and diameter of the nuclei were presented. These data confirm reproductive seasonality, with breeding season in spring-summer with sperm production. A great variation n parenchyma, when compared breeding was noticeable.

INDEX TERMS:
Spermatogenesis; testicular morphology; greater rhea; Rhea americana; ratites; reproduction; seminiferous tubules

Months/Year	Temperature °C			Humidity (%)	Precipitation (mm)	Sunny (hs)
Months/Year	mean	max	min
November/2005	22.2	29.4	16.0	67.1	57.2	251.7
December/2006	25.5	32.2	20.0	68.7	84.2	262.8
May/2007	13.8	20.2	9.4	82.4	102.8	173.5

Measurements (μ)	November/2005	December/2006	May/2007
Tubule vertical diameter	122.5^a±29.5	109.7^a±14.6	7.5^b±0.5
Tubule horizontal diameter	105.3^a±14.8	110.9^a±15.2	3^b±0.4
Tubule diameter	113.9^a±22.1	110.3^a±14.9	5.3^b±0.4
Lumen vertical diameter	57.6^a±15.1	54.3^a±9.3	6.4^b±0.6
Lumen horizontal diameter	46.8^a ±11.2	50.5^a±7.7	2.6^b±0.6
Tubular lumen diameter	52.2^a±13.1	52.4^a±8.5	4.5^b±0.6
Epithelium vertical height	64.8^a±17.7	55.3^b±7.9	1.1^c±0.4
Epithelium horizontal height	58.9^a±18.2	60.4^a±11.0	0.4^b±0.6
Epithelium height	61.8^a±17.9	57.8^a±9.4	0.7^b±0.4

Volumetric proportion (%)	November/2005	December/2006	May/2007
Superior seminiferous Ep.	33.9^a±3.2	34.9^a±4.7	35.4^a±3.6
Inferior seminiferous Ep.	40.4^a±3.6	38.5^a±3.4	39.5^a±3.0
Cyst	1.9^a±0.3	2.1^a±0.3	1.0^b±0.3
Seminiferous epithelium	76.3^a±3.2	75.6^a±3.3	75.9^a±3.1
Basement membrane	2.3^b±0.6	2.3^b±0.6	4.9^a±0.4
Myoid cells	0.4^b± 0.1	0.3^b± 0.1	1.4^a±0.2
Lumen	14.3^a±3.0	15^a±2.8	1.6^b±0.4
Seminiferous Tubules	93.6^a±2.2	93.3^a±1.0	84.0^b±2.9
Conjunctive tissue	4.5^b±1.6	4.7^b±0.8	11.5^a±2.1
Leydig cells	0.7^b±0.2	0.8^b±0.3	2.7^a±0.5
Blood vessels	0.5^b±0.1	0.7^b±0.2	1.2^a±0.6
Interstitial tissue	5.7^b±1.7	6.2^b±1.0	15.6a±2.9
Artifacts	0.5^a±0.6	0.3^a±0.3	0.2^a±0.2

Cell type	November/2005	December/2006	May/2007
Sertoli
length	3.94^b±0.19	4.04^b±0.19	4.82^a±0.16
width	2.34^b±0.18	2.51^b±0.37	5.18^a±0.45
average	3.14^c±0.10	3.27^b±0.23	5.00^a±0.26
Spermatogonium
length	3.76^b±0.19	3.56^c±0.19	4.69^a±0.23
width	3.66^a±0.16	3.59^a±0.16	3.38^b±0.18
average	3.71^b±0.12	3.57^c±0.13	4.03^a±0.16
Young spermatocyte
length	3.49^b±0.12	3.52^b±0.12	4.30^a±0.40
width	3.45^c±0.12	3.54^b±0.10	3.77^a±0.14
average	3.47^b±0.10	3.53^b±0.09	4.04^a±0.23
Old spermatocyte
length	4.58^b±0.31	4.48^b±0.25	7.72^a±0.25
width	4.76^b±0.29	4.67^b±0.30	7.90^a±0.32
average	4.67^b±0.27	4.57^b±0.21	7.81a±0.21
Round spermatid
length	2.00^a±0.19	1.99^a±0.22	0±0
width	2.01^b±0.15	2.11^a±0.18	0±0
average	2.00^a±0.13	2.05^a±0.16	0±0
Elongated spermatid
average	7.06^a±0.37	7.09^a±0.42	0±0

Colégio Brasileiro de Patologia Animal - CBPA Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira, Caixa Postal 74.591, 23890-000 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil, Tel./Fax: (55 21) 2682-1081 - Rio de Janeiro - RJ - Brazil
E-mail: pvb@pvb.com.br

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[1] *Corresponding author:
gfreneau@gmail.com, gfreneau@ufg.br