Fungi isolated from wild birds in the Marambaia Island, Rio de Janeiro State, southeastern Brazil

In Brazil, the Atlantic Forest has been suffering from deforestation, which has had impacts on its flora, fauna, and microbiota. However, the fungal diversity present in these environments is little known and studied. In this study, a total of 90 samples of 45 wild birds (45 feathers and 45 feces) were collected in Ilha da Marambaia, southeastern Brazil. Filamentous fungi isolated from these samples were identified through macroscopic and microscopic characteristics. Some isolates were identified by molecular biology using the PCR technique. Acremonium, Alternaria, Aspergillus, Cunninghamella, Curvularia, Eurotium, Fusarium, Geotrichum, Neosartorya, Pestalotia, Paecilomyces, Penicillium, Rhizopus, Mucor and Syncephalastrum were identified. These results indicate the presence of saprophytic fungi species in the feathers and feces of wild birds of the capture site. Further studies should be conducted to elucidate if the mycobiota profile modifies with anthropization and if it interferes with bird health and environmental recovery.

INDEX TERMS:
Fungi; microbiota; passerines; Atlantic Forest

Authorship

Jhon Lennon Genovez-Oliveira

Graduate Program in Animal Biology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), BR-465 Km 7, Seropédica, RJ 23897-000, Brazil.Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de JaneiroBrazilSeropédica, RJ, BrazilGraduate Program in Animal Biology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), BR-465 Km 7, Seropédica, RJ 23897-000, Brazil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2994-397X

Lucas A.S. Andrade

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8203-9299

Mariana S. Oliveira

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9594-0633

Viviane M. Lima

Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), BR-465 Km 7, Seropédica, RJ 23897-000, Brazil.Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de JaneiroBrazilSeropédica, RJ, BrazilDepartamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), BR-465 Km 7, Seropédica, RJ 23897-000, Brazil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7930-8312

Bruno P. Berto ^**Corresponding author: bertobp@ufrrj.br

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1072-5254

Águida A. de Oliveira

Departamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia Veterinária, Instituto de Veterinária (IV), Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), BR-465 Km 7, Seropédica, RJ 23897-000, Brazil.Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de JaneiroBrazilSeropédica, RJ, BrazilDepartamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia Veterinária, Instituto de Veterinária (IV), Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), BR-465 Km 7, Seropédica, RJ 23897-000, Brazil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8685-0345

*Corresponding author: bertobp@ufrrj.br

Conflict of interest statement.- The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figures | Tables

Figures (2)
Tables (3)

Thumbnail

Fig.1.
Distribution of fungi isolated from the collected substrates, according to the bird family.

Thumbnail

Fig.2-7.
Light microscopy of isolated fungi. (2) Mucor sp. with lactophenol cotton blue. (3) Fusarium sp. with lactophenol cotton blue. (4) Syncephalastrum sp. with lactophenol cotton blue. (5) Penicillium sp. with sodium hydroxide (20%). (6) Aspergillus sp. with lactophenol cotton blue. (7) Rhizopus sp. with lactophenol cotton blue. Isolate from feces.

Thumbnail

Table 1.
Bird species, samples, and isolated fungi

Thumbnail

Table 2.
Frequency list of fungi identified in the substrates analyzed

Thumbnail

Table 3.
Species identified by traditional taxonomy and molecular biology

Fig.1. Distribution of fungi isolated from the collected substrates, according to the bird family.

Fig.2-7. Light microscopy of isolated fungi. (2) Mucor sp. with lactophenol cotton blue. (3) Fusarium sp. with lactophenol cotton blue. (4) Syncephalastrum sp. with lactophenol cotton blue. (5) Penicillium sp. with sodium hydroxide (20%). (6) Aspergillus sp. with lactophenol cotton blue. (7) Rhizopus sp. with lactophenol cotton blue. Isolate from feces.

Table 1. Bird species, samples, and isolated fungi

Family	Species	Feces	Feathers
Tyrannidae	Myiarchus ferox	Fusarium sp.	-
	M. ferox	Fusarium sp.	-
	Myiozetetes similis	Fusarium sp.	-
	M. ferox	Eurotium sp., Fusarium sp.	-
	M. ferox	Syncephalastrum sp.	-
	M. ferox	Syncephalastrum sp. Fusarium sp.	-
	M. ferox	Syncephalastrum sp.	Penicillium sp.
	M. ferox	Syncephalastrum sp.	Syncephalastrum sp.
	M. ferox	-	-
	M. similis	Mucor sp.	-
	M. similis	Mucor sp.	-
	Elaenia flavogaster	Mucor sp.	-
	M. ferox	Penicillium sp., Pestalotia sp.	-
	Tyrannus melancholicus	Fusarium sp.	Syncephalastrum sp.
Turdidae	Turdus rufiventris		Cunninghamella sp.
	T. rufiventris	Pestalotia sp., Fusarium sp.
	T. rufiventris	Mucor sp.	Fusarium sp., Geotrichum sp.
	Turdus amaurochalinus	Mucor sp.	-
	Turdus leucomelas	Mucor sp.	-
	T. rufiventris	Syncephalastrum sp.	-
	T. leucomelas	Mucor sp., Syncephalastrum sp.	-
	T. leucomelas	Syncephalastrum sp.	Mucor sp.
Columbidae	Leptotila verreauxi	-	Mucor sp., Fusarium sp., Mucor sp., Rizopus sp.
	L. verreauxi	Acremonium sp.
	Columbina talpacoti	Rhizopus sp.	Penicillium sp.
	L. verreauxi	-	-
	Leptotila rufaxilla	Fusarium sp., Paecilomyces sp.	-
	L. verreauxi	Fusarium sp.	-
Hirundinidae	Progne chalybea	Alternaria sp.	Fusarium sp.
	P. chalybea	Rhizopus sp.	-
	P. chalybea	Mucor sp.	Aspergillus sp.
	P. chalybea	-	Fusarium sp., Aspergillus sp.
	P. chalybea	-	Rhizopus sp.
Vireonidae	Vireo chivi	Eurotium sp., Fusarium sp.	-
	V. chivi	Mucor sp.	-
	V. chivi	Curvularia sp., Mucor sp.	Penicillium sp., Aspergillus sp.
	V. chivi	Mucor sp.	-
	V. chivi	Mucor sp.	-
Thraupidae	Ramphocelus bresilia	Penicilium sp.	-
	R. bresilia	Mucor sp.	-
	R. bresilia	Acremonium sp.	-
	Thraupis palmarum	Acremonium sp., Fusarium sp.	Curvularia sp.
Alcedinidae	Chloroceryle americana	Syncephalastrum sp.	-
Icteridae	Molothrus bonariensis	Fusarium sp.	-
Picidae	Veniliornis maculifrons	Neosartorya sp.	-
TOTAL	45	48	20

Table 2. Frequency list of fungi identified in the substrates analyzed

Fungi	Feces	Feathers
Acremonium	3	-
Alternaria	1	-
Aspergillus	-	3
Cunninghamella	-	1
Curvularia	1	1
Eurotium	2	-
Fusarium	12	4
Geotrichum	-	1
Mucor	13	3
Neosartorya	1
Penicillium	2	3
Pestalotia	2	-
Paecilomyces	1	-
Rhizopus	2	2
Syncephalastrum	8	2
TOTAL	48	20

Table 3. Species identified by traditional taxonomy and molecular biology

Primer	Identification blast	Identity	Morphological analysis
ITS1	Alternaria sp.	99.81%	Alternaria sp.
ITS4	Alternaria alternata	100%	Alternaria sp.
ITS1	Fungal endophyte culture	100%	Pestalotiopsis sp.
ITS4	Pestalotiopsis microspora	99.61%	Pestalotiopsis sp.
ITS1	Syncephalastrum racemosum	100%	Syncephalastrum sp.
ITS4	S. racemosum	99.31%	Syncephalastrum sp.
ITS1	Fungal sp.	100%	Syncephalastrum sp.
ITS4	S. racemosum	98.97%	Syncephalastrum sp.
ITS1	Trichoderma asperellum	99.65%	Mucor sp.
ITS4	There was no similarity		Mucor sp.
ITS1	Penicillium herquei	98.84%	Penicillium sp.
ITS4	P. herquei	99.82%	Penicillium sp.
ITS1	S. racemosum	99.82%	Aspergillus sp.
ITS4	There was no similarity		Aspergillus sp.
ITS1	Fusarium sp.	96.96%	Fusarium sp.
ITS4	Fusarium sp.	100%	Fusarium sp.

How to cite

copy

Colégio Brasileiro de Patologia Animal - CBPA Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira, Caixa Postal 74.591, 23890-000 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil, Tel./Fax: (55 21) 2682-1081 - Rio de Janeiro - RJ - Brazil
E-mail: pvb@pvb.com.br

Acompanhe os números deste periódico no seu leitor de RSS

Versão para download de PDF

PDF

Inglês

Versões e tradução automática

Versão original do texto

English

Tradução automática

Google Translator
Microsoft Translator

Como citar

RIS

BIBTEX

Outros formatos de citação e exportação:

SciELO - Scientific Electronic Library Online
Rua Dr. Diogo de Faria, 1087 – 9º andar – Vila Clementino 04037-003 São Paulo/SP - Brasil
E-mail: scielo@scielo.org

Leia a Declaração de Acesso Aberto

Métricas

Fungi isolated from wild birds in the Marambaia Island, Rio de Janeiro State, southeastern Brazil

PlumX

Mensagem

[1] *Corresponding author: bertobp@ufrrj.br