Characterization of ruminal acidosis and initial phase of laminitis inducted by oligofructose in crossbred calves

Noronha, Antônio Dionísio F.; Freitas, Sabrina Lucas R.; Rodrigues, Danilo F.; Mendes, Fernanda F.; Miguel, Marina P.; Cunha, Paulo Henrique J.; Fioravanti, Maria Clorinda S.; Silva, Luiz Antônio F.

doi:10.1590/1678-5150-PVB-5619

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Livestock Diseases • Pesq. Vet. Bras. 39 (02) • Feb 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-5150-PVB-5619 copy

Characterization of ruminal acidosis and initial phase of laminitis inducted by oligofructose in crossbred calves

Caracterização da acidose ruminal e da fase inicial da laminite induzidas por oligofrutose em bezerros mestiços

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT:

One of the ways to study cattle laminitis is its experimental induction by supplying a large amount of high fermentation carbohydrate. The most effective protocol until now has been the use of oligofructose. The objective of this study was to evaluate clinical and histological aspects of the hoof in experimental induction of ruminal acidosis and laminitis in calves using oligofructose. Six crossbred (Bos taurus x Bos indicus) yearling calves divided into Group I (GI) and Group II (GII) were used. Animals in GI and GII received intraruminal oligofructose in doses of 13 and 17g/kg, respectively. During 28 hours the calves were clinically evaluated and 30 hours after induction, samples were taken from coronary and abaxial wall of the hoof for histologic evaluation. Were noticed signs of ruminal and metabolic acidosis like rumen distension with fluid, diarrhea, ruminal pH reduction and, at blood gas analysis, pH and bicarbonate below reference range. Lameness was not observed however, some animals had a slower gait and apathy, possibly due to metabolic acidosis, though. Histologically, typical lesions of laminitis like circulatory changes and inflammatory infiltrate in the dermis, irregularities and areas of detachment at basement membrane and morphologic changes in cells from basal epidermis were found. The protocol induced, in the first 30 hours, clinical signs of ruminal and metabolic acidosis and low grade histologic lesions in the digits. Lameness and digit pain were not observed, characterizing the prodromic phase of the disease.

INDEX TERMS:
Ruminal acidosis; lamnitis inducted; oligofructose; crossbred calves; metabolic acidosis; bovine; lameness; hoof histology; cattle

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[1] *Corresponding author: dionisiofnf@hotmail.com

Score	Name	Description
1	Normal	Straight back when standing in quadrupedal position and walking. Normal step.
2	Mild lameness	Straight back quadrupedal and arched when walking. Normal step.
3	Moderate lameness	Arched back when standing and walking. Shortened step of one or more members.
4	Evident lameness	Arched back when standing and walking. Locomotion changed with one step at a time or avoiding the support of a limb.
5	Severe lameness	In addition to previous signs, the calves are reluctant or have difficulty supporting one or more limbs even when standing.

		Phase I	Phase II
		Phase I	T0	T4	T8	T12	T16	T20	T24	T28
FC	GI	45.00±3.00	51.00±6.08	60.00±13.86	58.00±7.00	54.00±8.89	52.00±5.00	51.00±9.54	51.67±3.21	49.00±4.58
FC	GII	43.00±2.65	42.67±7.57	51.67±11.68	53.00±4.36	46.00±3.46	50.67±13.61	60.67±1.15	62.00±25.53	56.00±7.21
FR	GI	24.33±4.73	14.33±4.73	23.33±7.02	30.00±3.61	18.67±3.51	14.67±3.06	18.00±5.29	11.33±4.16	17.00±2.65
FR	GII	25.30±4.16	10.33±2.31	23.00±10.44	26.67±5.77	18.00±2.65	12.33±5.77	11.67±3.21	13.33±3.06	16.33±7.51
MR	GI	4.70±1.53	5.33±0.58	4.33±0.58	3.67±1.53	4.00±1.73	5.00±1.00	4.00±1.73	4.50±0.71	3.00±1.73
MR	GII	4.00±1.73	5.33±0.58	2.00±1.00	4.00±0.00	3.33±3.06	1.33±0.58	0.33±0.58	2.33±1.15	1.33±2.31
T°C	GI	38.30±0.77	36.77±1.04	38.37±0.15	39.17±0.5	38.83±0.51	37.53±0.7	36.97±0.95	36.77±1.63	38.43±0.38
T°C	GII	38.20±0.26	36.47±0.51	37.67±0.87	38.30±0.14	38.20±0.2	36.80±1.82	36.43±0.81	35.77±1.10	37.43±0.51

	Phase I	Phase II
	Phase I	T0	T4	T8	T12	T16	T20	T24	T28
GI	6.71±0.29	6.89±0.11	5.72±0.49	5.32±0.57	5.38±1.43	5.57±1.47	5.97±1.41	5.88±1.95	6.78±0.68
GII	6.92±0.02	6.69±0.10	5.50±0.06	5.14±0.43	4.83±0.36	4.70±0.35	4.6±0.27	5.24±1.31	5.62±0.86

		T0	T4	T8	T12	T16	T20	T24
pH	GI	7.38±0.12	7.39±0.10	7.35±0.14	7.32±0.19	7.26±0.16	7.23±0.21	7.24±0.22
pH	GII	7.29±0.08	7.32±0.07	7.28±0.05	7.21±0.04	7.12±0.03	7.08±0.01	7.07±0.03
PCO2	GI	41.00±5.01	41.53±6.27	36.57±9.16	36.00±7.39	37.80±16.84	34.90±10.7	35.23±10.65
PCO2	GII	29.03±9.86	28.63±7.07	36.57±9.83	21.50±2.77	19.57±3.31	18.33±3.48	20.07±1.68
HCO3	GI	24.83±8.54	25.80±8.87	21.63±10.45	20.10±10.14	19.23±12.16	16.53±9.65	17.43±10.45
HCO3	GII	14.50±7.81	14.90±6.39	13.80±6.46	8.47±1.50	6.23±0.65	5.33±0.90	5.73±0.76
VG	GI	30.33±2.31	29.67±2.08	30.00±1.73	33.33±2.89	33.33±4.16	35.67±5.51	36.67±7.02
VG	GII	32.67±3.51	33.00±2.00	33.33±3.06	33.00±2.65	40.33±5.69	45.00±4.25	46.00±3.75

Histological alteration	Groups
Histological alteration	GI	GII
Hyperemia	0.14±0.38	0.17±0.39
hemorrhage	0	0.33±0.78
Edema	1.86±0.38	1.75±0.75
Inflammatory infiltrate	1.14±1.07	1.25±0.96
Death of basal epidermal cells	0	0.5±0.67
Morphological alteration of basal epidermal cells	1.14±0.39	2.08±0.9
Morphological alteration of basement membrane	0.57±1.13	1.17±0.94