The diseases of donkeys and mules in the semiarid region of northeastern Brazil were evaluated in a retrospective study of 200 donkeys and 58 mules, in the Veterinary Hospital of Federal University of Campina Grande, from January 2002 to December 2012. Data records of these animals as identification, anamnesis, clinical examination, treatment protocol, and outcome of cases were collected. The affected systems in order of frequency of cases were: integument, 88 cases; musculoskeletal, 78; digestive, 36; nervous, 23; reproductive, 15; and respiratory, 6. Eight animals were examined before orquiectomy; three animals had inconclusive diagnosis and one animal suffered a bee attack. The main diseases diagnosed in donkeys were traumatic wounds (32/200), fractures (27/200) and colic (14/200). In mules the main diagnoses were colic (8/58) and traumatic wounds (6/58). Fractures were the main motivation for performing euthanasia (22/200 donkeys and 3/58 mules). It is concluded that most diagnosed diseases are associated with mistreatment or lack of attention to the animals and should be prevented through awareness and education campaigns of owners and handlers.
Equidae; donkeys; mules; diseases; semiarid
