This paper questions whether it is possible holding on to a traditional anthropological point of view when the phenomenon observed lies at the heart of the observer's society. For this purpose, I assess various classical contributions to the debate on anthropological observation with relation to my own fieldwork experience, drawn from my study of political participation and elections amongst black movement activists in Ilhéus, southern Bahia, Brazil. Leaving aside any normative intentions, I lay out some critical issues to current anthropology, such as the following: Is it effectively possible to adopt "a view from afar" when facing something as central to the observer's society as representative democracy? If so, in which way and following which procedures? What is the difference, if any, between the study of a group of "believers" (for instance, in Candomblé) by a "skeptical" observer, and the study of "skepticals" (for instance, in politics) by a "believer" observer? Do differences of scale between objects of study, groups or societies inevitably affect research procedures?
ethnography; fieldwork; politics; black movement; Bahia