Global banking: origins and evolution

ADMINISTRAÇÃO CONTÁBIL E FINANCEIRA

Global banking: origins and evolution

Emmanuel N. Roussakis

Professor of Finance and Director of Certificate Programs for Bankers of Florida International University

ABSTRACT

This article reviews the origins and evolution of global banking and addresses the emerging patterns for the year 2000 and beyond.

Key words: global banking, trends, prospeets, history.

RESUMO

Este artigo revê as origens e a evolução das transações bancárias no mundo e indica a emergência de novas tendências para o ano 2000.

Palavras-chave: transações bancárias, tendências, perspectivas, história.

Texto completo disponível apenas em PDF.

Full text available only in PDF format.

1. DE ROOVER, Raymond. The rise and decline of Medici Bank, 1397·1494. Cambridge, MA, Havard University Press, 1963, p. 100.

2. Idem, ibidem, p. 88 and 204.

3. Idem, ibidem, p. 41.

4. Idem, ibidem, p. 47, 106 and 202.

5. idem, ibidem, p. 249 and 283.

6. Jean-François Bergier, 'From the fifteenth century in Ilaty lo the sixteenth century in Germany: a new banking concept?', in The sawn of modem banking (New Haven, Conn, Yale University Press, 1979).

7. CHAPMAN, Stanley. The rise of merchant banking. London, George Allen & Unwin, 1984, p. 1.

8. Idem, ibidem, p.3

9. These measures were the Interest Equalizalion Tax (IET), of 1963, the Foreign Direct Investment Program (FDIP), of 1964, and the Voluntary Foreign Credit Restraint (VFCR) Program, of 1965.

10. "Keiretsu"(or business affiliations) are the dominant organizational structure in Japan and represents clusters of independent companies bound together by such considerations as reciprocal ownership of a small block of shares (5%); interlocking directorships; long term business relationships; and corporate projects. the Japanese do not allow holding company structures for fear of recreating the "zaibatsu", the family­controlled holding companies that dominated the pre-World II Japanese economy.

11. The Basle agreement was signed on July 11, 198, in Basle, Switzerland, by the United States, Canada, Japan and Western European countries all of which are formally known as the Group of Ten (G­10) countries of the Bank for International Settlements. The Basle Accord Iintroduced uniform capital requirements for all signatory nations. It distinguishes bank capital into tier 1 (or core) - capital made up of equity and disclosed reserves - and tier 2 (or supplementary) - capital made up of undisclosed reserves, revaluation reserves, general provisions, hybrid (debt equity) capital instruments and subordinated debt.

Emmanuel N. Roussakis is the author of the book Commercial Banking in an era of deregulation, published by Praeger of Greenwood Press (3rd, edilion, 1997).

• 1. DE ROOVER, Raymond. The rise and decline of Medici Bank, 1397ˇ1494. Cambridge, MA, Havard University Press, 1963, p. 100.
• 6. Jean-François Bergier, 'From the fifteenth century in Ilaty lo the sixteenth century in Germany: a new banking concept?', in The sawn of modem banking (New Haven, Conn, Yale University Press, 1979).
• 7. CHAPMAN, Stanley. The rise of merchant banking. London, George Allen & Unwin, 1984, p. 1.

Publication Dates

• Publication in this collection
  06 Oct 2011
• Date of issue
  Dec 1997