Premenstrual Syndrome and Childbirth Fear Prior to Pregnancy in Young Women: An Association and Cross-Sectional Study

Ataman, Hacer; Dişsiz, Melike

doi:10.1590/1806-9282.20211211

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Original Article • Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. 68 (7) • July 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.20211211 copy

Premenstrual Syndrome and Childbirth Fear Prior to Pregnancy in Young Women: An Association and Cross-Sectional Study

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

SUMMARY

OBJECTIVE:

The aim of the study was to determine the association between premenstrual syndrome and the childbirth fear prior to pregnancy.

METHODS:

This was an association and cross-sectional study conducted on 327 university students. Data were collected using “Participant Information Form,” “Premenstrual Syndrome Scale,” and “Childbirth Fear-Prior to Pregnancy Scale.”

RESULTS:

It was found that the childbirth fear had increased in students with premenstrual syndrome. The Women Childbirth Fear-Prior to Pregnancy Scale score was statistically significantly higher among students who preferred caesarean section than those who preferred vaginal delivery. There was a weak, positive, and statistically significant correlation between the students’ depressive sensation, anxiety, fatigue, nervousness, depressive thoughts, pain, appetite changes, sleep pattern changes, and bloating subscales of Premenstrual Syndrome Scale and Women Childbirth Fear-Prior to Pregnancy Scale.

CONCLUSION:

The score of the Women Childbirth Fear-Prior to Pregnancy Scale increases with an increase in the score of the Premenstrual Syndrome subscale. It should be evaluated whether or not women experiencing premenstrual syndrome have the childbirth fear prior to pregnancy.

KEYWORDS:
Premenstrual syndrome; Childbirth; Fear; Pregnancy

		Premenstrual syndrome (-) (n=106)		Premenstrual syndrome (+) (n=221)		t	p
		Mean±SD		Mean±SD		t	p
Age (years)		19.66±1.53		19.79±1.56		-0.735	0.460
Menarche age (years)		13.33±1.05		13.14±1.17		1.449	0.149
Duration of menstruation (day)		5.54±1.23		5.57±1.38		-0.274	0.784
Menstruation frequency (day)		28.35±5.58		29.23±12.50		-0.976	0.330
		n	%	n	%	χ²2 Slap GB. Menstrual disorders in adolescence. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2003;17(1):75-92. https://doi.org/10.1053/ybeog.2002.0342 https://doi.org/10.1053/ybeog.2002.0342...	p
Class
	1	38	35.9	72	32.6	2.615	0.271
	2	24	22.6	69	31.2
	3	44	41.5	80	36.2
Family type
	Nuclear family	92	86.8	191	86.4	0.008	0.927
	Extended family	14	13.2	30	13.6
İncome level
	Income less than expense	18	17.0	21	9.5	4.683	0.096
	Income equals the expense	80	75.5	174	78.7
	Income more than expense	8	7.5	26	11.8
Menstrual scheme
	Regular	94	88.7	157	71.0	12.493	0.000
	Irregular	12	11.3	64	29.0
Pain complaints during menstrual period
	Yes	77	72.6	189	85.5	7.830	0.005
	No	29	27.4	32	14.5

		Premenstrual syndrome (−) (n=106)		Premenstrual syndrome (+) (n=221)		t	p
		Mean±SD		Mean±SD		t	p
Women Childbirth Fear-Prior to Pregnancy Scale		35.74±10.02		41.88±9.58		-5.049	0.000
		n	%	n	%	χ²2 Slap GB. Menstrual disorders in adolescence. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2003;17(1):75-92. https://doi.org/10.1053/ybeog.2002.0342 https://doi.org/10.1053/ybeog.2002.0342...	p
Exercising state
	Yes	51	48.1	116	52.5	0.549	0.499
	No	55	51.9	105	47.4
Smoking status
	Yes	3	2.8	25	14.4	6.583	0.010
	No	103	97.2	196	88.7
Sugary food consumption status
	Yes	98	92.5	204	92.3	0.002	0.963
	No	8	7.5	17	7.7
More than a daily cup of coffee consumption
	Yes	19	17.9	59	26.5	3.035	0.080
	No	87	82.1	162	73.3
Using too much salt
	Yes	14	13.2	49	22.2	3.147	0.076
	No	92	86.8	172	77.8
PMS status in mother or sister
	Yes	48	45.3	149	67.4	14.656	0.000
	No	58	54.7	72	32.6
Difficulty controlling anger
	Yes	72	67.9	193	87.3	17.558	0.000
	No	34	32.1	28	12.7
Being diagnosed with anemia
	Yes	20	18.9	72	33.6	6.661	0.010
	No	86	81.1	149	67.4
Fear of pregnancy/labor processes
	Yes	58	54.7	170	76.9	16.735	0.000
	No	48	45.3	51	66.9
Delivery method preference
	Vaginal delivery	93	87.7	197	89.1	0.141	0.707
	Cesarean delivery	13	12.3	24	10.9

	Depressive affect		Anxiety		Fatigue		Irritability		Depressive thoughts		Ache		Appetite changes		Sleep changes		Swelling
	r	p	r	p	r	p	r	p	r	p	r	p	r	p	r	p	r	p
WCF-PPS	0.366	0.000 ^* * p<0.05. Bold denotes significant p-value.	0.319	0.000 ^* * p<0.05. Bold denotes significant p-value.	0.256	0.000 ^* * p<0.05. Bold denotes significant p-value.	0.232	0.000 ^* * p<0.05. Bold denotes significant p-value.	0.356	0.000 ^* * p<0.05. Bold denotes significant p-value.	0.185	0.001 ^* * p<0.05. Bold denotes significant p-value.	0.131	0.018 ^* * p<0.05. Bold denotes significant p-value.	0.254	0.000 ^* * p<0.05. Bold denotes significant p-value.	0.191	0.000 ^* * p<0.05. Bold denotes significant p-value.

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[1] *Corresponding author: hacer.ataman@medeniyet.edu.tr