Ancestry and self-reported race in Brazilian breast cancer women

This was an observational, transversal, epidemiological study, evaluating race and ancestry in 1,127 patients with breast cancer. For genetic ancestry, a 46-AIM-INDEL panel was used. The ancestral profile was evaluated with the Structure v.2.3.3 software. Descriptive statistics were performed. To assess differences between race and ancestry, an analysis of variance with Bonferoni adjustment was used.

RESULTS:

The race distribution was 77.7% white, 17.6% brown, 4.1% black, 0.4% yellow, and 0.3% cafuse. The African ancestry proportion was significantly (p<0.001) more evident in black [0.63±0.21 (0.17–0.96)], followed by brown [0.25±0.16 (0.02–0.70)], and less frequent in white skin color. The European ancestry proportion was significantly (p<0.001) higher in white [0.72±0.17 (0.02–0.97)], followed by brown [0.57±0.19 (0.12–0.92)], yellow [0.27±0.31 (0.12–0.620], and black [0.24±0.19 (0.02–0.72)]. The Asiatic ancestry proportion is significantly (p<0.001) higher in yellow [0.48±0.51 (0.04–0.93)]. The Amerindian ancestry proportion frequency was the least frequent in all groups, and cafuse patients did not express differences between all race groups. The brown race group presented differences in African and European ancestry.

CONCLUSION:

Although we found many similarities between white European ancestry, black African ancestry, and yellow Asian ancestry, there is great miscegenation between patients. Although they can be labeled as having one race, they do present many ancestral genes that would allow their inclusion in another race group.

KEYWORDS:
Breast neoplasms; Epidemiology; Genetic variation; Pathology, molecular

Ancestry		Mean	Standard deviation	Median	CI (5–95%)	CI (25–75%)	Minimum–maximum	ANOVA p-value
African
	Black	0.63	0.21	0.65	0.57–0.70	0.46–0.85	0.17–0.96	<0.001
	Brown	0.25	0.16	0.23	0.23–0.27	0.12–0.37	0.02–0.70
	Yellow	0.15	0.17	0.15	0.01–0.31	0.01–0.31	0.01–0.32
	White	0.11	0.12	0.07	0.11–0.12	0.03–0.17	0.01–0.75
	Cafuse	0.02	0.01	0.02	0.01–0.02	0.01–0.02	0.01–0.03
European
	Cafuse	0.89	0.06	0.88	0.84–0.88	0.84–0.88	0.84–0.95	<0.001
	White	0.72	0.17	0.80	0.74–0.77	0.67–0.88	0.02–0.97
	Brown	0.57	0.19	0.60	0.55–0.60	0.44–0.73	0.12–0.92
	Yellow	0.27	0.31	0.24	0.01–0.58	0.01–0.58	0.12–0.62
	Black	0.24	0.19	0.19	0.18–0.30	0.06–0.36	0.02–0.72
Asiatic
	Yellow	0.48	0.51	0.49	0.04–0.93	0.04–0.93	0.04–0.93	<0.001
	Brown	0.07	0.08	0.05	0.06–0.09	0.03–0.09	0.01–0.86
	Black	0.07	0.06	0.05	0.05–0.09	0.03–0.09	0.01–0.27
	White	0.06	0.10	0.04	0.06–0.07	0.03–0.06	0.01–0.94
	Cafuse	0.05	0.03	0.05	0.02–0.05	0.02–0.05	0.02–0.08
Amerindian
	Brown	0.10	0.10	0.07	0.84–0.11	0.03–0.08	0.01–0.62	<0.001
	Yellow	0.08	0.07	0.05	0.04–0.15	0.04–0.15	0.04–0.18
	White	0.07	0.07	0.04	0.06–0.07	0.03–0.08	0.01–0.56
	Black	0.05	0.04	0.05	0.41–0.65	0.03–0.06	0.01–0.19
	Cafuse	0.04	0.02	0.05	0.03–0.05	0.02–0.05	0.02–0.05

Ancestry		White	Brown	Black	Yellow	Cafuse
African
	White	–	<0.001	<0.001	0.966	0.728
	Brown	<0.001	–	<0.001	0.628	0.222
	Black	<0.001	<0.001	–	<0.001	<0.001
	Yellow	0.966	0.628	<0.001	–	0.648
	Cafuse	0.728	0.022	<0.001	0.648	–
European
	White	–	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.655
	Brown	<0.001	–	<0.001	0.007	0.018
	Black	<0.001	<0.001	–	0.993	<0.001
	Yellow	<0.001	0.007	0.993	–	<0.001
	Cafuse	0.665	0.018	<0.001	<0.001	–
Asiatic
	White	–	0.647	0.986	<0.001	0.999
	Brown	0.647	–	1.000	<0.001	0.993
	Black	0.986	1.000	–	<0.001	0.996
	Yellow	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	–	<0.001
	Cafuse	0.999	0.993	0.996	<0.001	–
Amerindian
	White	–	<0.001	0.770	0.997	0.966
	Brown	<0.001	–	0.002	0.984	0.632
	Black	0.770	0.002	–	0.965	0.997
	Yellow	0.997	0.984	0.965	–	0.954
	Cafuse	0.966	0.632	0.997	0.954	–

Associação Médica Brasileira R. São Carlos do Pinhal, 324, 01333-903 São Paulo SP - Brazil, Tel: +55 11 3178-6800, Fax: +55 11 3178-6816 - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: ramb@amb.org.br

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[1] *Corresponding author: reneacv@gmail.com