| Non-clinical |
Cells from ovarian cancer (IOSE-385, OVCAR-3, SKOV-3 and OVCA-432) |
Inhibition of cell progression by increasing the levels of H2O2
|
0.25 mM |
(
3737 Li HH, Zhao YJ, Li Y, Dai CF, Jobe SO, Yang XS, et al. Estradiol 17b and its metabolites stimulate cell proliferation and antagonize ascorbic acid-suppressed cell proliferation in human ovarian cancer cells. Reprod Sci. 2014; 21(1):102-11.
)
|
| Non-clinical |
Different cell lines |
Antiproliferative effect on tumor cells, through interference with cell cycle (G0/G1) and production of H2O2
|
0.1-2 mM |
(
3838 Fromberg A, Gutsch D, Schulze D, Vollbracht C, Weiss G, Czubayko F, et al. Ascorbate exerts anti-proliferative effects through cell cycle inhibition and sensitizes tumor cells towards cytostatic drugs. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2011; 67(5):1157-66.
)
|
| Non-clinical |
AGS cells |
Inhibition of cell progression, cytotoxicity, modification of proteins related to apoptosis |
0.3 mM |
(
3939 Naggapan A, Park HS, Park KI, Kim JA, Hong GE, Kang SR, et al. Proteomic analysis of differentially expressed proteins in vitamin C-treated AGS cells. BMC Biochem. 2013; 14:24.
)
|
| Non-clinical |
Esophageal squamous cells and Barrett’s esophagus cells (CP-A, CP-B, CP-C and CP-D) |
Decreased cell growth |
0.5 mM |
(
4040 Merlo LMF, Kosoff RE, Gardiner KL, Maley CC. An in vitro co-culture model of esophageal cells identifies ascorbic acid as a modulator of cell competition. BMC Cancer. 2011; 11:461.
)
|
| Non-clinical |
Cells from gastric (23132/87), colon (HT-29), ovary (SKOV-3), pancreas (BXPC-3) and breast (BT-20, MDA-MB-468, MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7) carcinoma, glioblastoma (U-13898, U-87 and U-251), endothelial cells (HUVEC) and fibroblasts (NHDF) |
Production of H2O2
|
0.005-0.1 mM |
(
4141 Klingelhoeffer C, Kämmerer U, Koospal M, Mühling B, Schneider M, Kapp M, et al. Natural resistance to ascorbic acid induced oxidative stress is mainly mediated by catalase activity in human cancer cells and catalase-silencing sensitizes to oxidative stress. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2012; 12:61.
)
|
| Non-clinical |
Cells from cervical cancer (HeLa) |
Decreased cell growth |
4 mM |
(
3232 Roomi MW, Cha J, Kalinovsky T, Roomi NW, Niedzwiecki A, Rath M. Effects of a nutrient mixture on immunohistochemical localization of cancer markers in human cervical cancer HeLa cell tumor xenografts in female nude mice. Exp Ther Med. 2015; 9(2):294-302.
)
|
| Non-clinical |
Colon carcinoma in mice |
Decreased levels of serotonin, increased level of hemorrhagic necrosis and permeability of the endothelium |
28.39 mM |
(
4242 Baguley BC, Ding Q, Richardson E. Preliminary evidence that high-dose vitamin C has a vascular disrupting action in mice. Front Oncol. 2014; 4:310.
)
|
| Non-clinical |
Laryngeal carcinoma (HEp-2) |
Production of reactive oxygen species through the release of Ca2+
|
3-10 mM |
(
4343 Martinovich GG, Golubeva EM, Martinovich IV, Cherenkevich SN. Redox regulation of calcium signaling in cancer cells by ascorbic acid involving the mitochondria electron transport chain. J Biophy. 2012; 2012:921653.
)
|
| Non-clinical |
Cells from neuroblastoma |
Induction of apoptosis |
1-6 mM |
(
3434 Hardaway CM, Badisa RB, Soliman KFA. Effect of ascorbic acid and hydrogen peroxide on mouse neuroblastoma cells. Mol Med Report. 2012; 5(6):1449-52.
)
|
| Non-clinical |
Cells from pancreatic cancer (PANC-1, AsPC-1, BxPC-3 and MIA PaCa-2) |
Aponecrosis induced in cells resistant to apoptosis |
4.26 mM |
(
4444 Dinnen RD, Mao Y, Qiu W, Cassai N, Slavkovich VN, Nichols G, et al. Re-directing apoptosis to aponecrosis induces selective cytotoxicity to pancreatic cancer cells through increased ROS, decline in ATP levels and VDAC. Mol Cancer Ther. 2013; 12(12):2792-803.
)
|
| Non-clinical |
Cells from Epstein-Barr virus-positive Burkitt’s lymphoma and lymphoblastoid cells |
Production of reactive oxygen species and induction of cell death |
22.71 mM |
(
4545 Shatzer AN, Espey MG, Chavez M, Tu H, Levine M, Cohen JI. Ascorbic acid kills Epstein-Barr virus positive Burkitt lymphoma cells and Epstein-Barr virus transformed B-cells in vitro, but not in vivo. Leuk Lymphoma. 2013; 54(5):1069-78.
)
|
| Non-clinical |
Cells from neuroblastoma (SK-N-MC) in vitro and in vivo
|
in vitro – induction of apoptosis, inhibition of cell proliferation, secretion of MMP-2 and -9, and increased secretion of TIMP-2in vivo – inhibition of tumor growth |
Not reported |
(
4646 Waheed Roomi M, Cha J, Kalinovsky T, Roomi NW, Niedzwiecki A, Rath M. Inhibition of the SK-N-MC human neuroblastoma cell line in vivo and in vitro by a novel nutrient mixture. Oncol Rep. 2013; 29(5):1714-20.
)
|
| Clinical |
Metastatic pancreatic cancer |
Decreased tumor size |
0.28; 0.43 and 0.5 mM |
(
4747 Monti DA, Mitchell E, Bazzan AJ, Littman S, Zabrecky G, Yeo CJ, et al. Phase I evaluation of intravenous ascorbic acid in combination with gemcitabine and erlotinib in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer. Plos One. 2012; 7(1):e29794.
)
|
| Non-clinical |
Cells from prostate cancer (PC3) in mice |
Production of reactive oxygen species, induced autophagy, tumor suppression |
0.4 mM |
(
4848 Tomasetti M, Nocchi L, Neuzil J, Goodwin J, Nguyen M, Dong L, et al. Alpha-tocopheryl succinate inhibits autophagic survival of prostate cancer cells induced by vitamin K3 and ascorbate to trigger cell death. PLoS One. 2012; 7(12):e52263.
)
|
| Non-clinical |
Cells from malignant pleural mesothelioma in rats |
in vitro – synergism in the mechanism of cytotoxicityin vivo – blocking of tumor progression and metastasis, reduction in tumor size |
11.36 mM |
(
4949 Volta V, Ranzato E, Martinotti S, Gallo S, Russo MV, Mutti L, et al. Preclinical Demonstration of Synergistic Active Nutrients/Drug (AND) combination as a potential treatment for malignant pleural mesothelioma. Plos One. 2013; 8(3):e58051.
)
|
| Non-clinical |
Epithelial cells from lung cancer (NSCLC) |
Induction of cell death by activation of apoptosis and via mechanism of production of reactive oxygen species, loss of cell viability |
0.5-5 mM |
(
5050 Vuyyuri SB, Rinkinen J, Worden E, Shim H, Lee S, Davis KR. Ascorbic acid and a cytostatic inhibitor of glycolysis synergistically induce apoptosis in non-small cell lung cancer cells. Plos One. 2013; 8(6):e67081.
)
|
| Non-clinical |
Solid Ehrlich carcinoma in mice |
Inhibition of tumor growth and increased expression of p53 |
0.68 mM |
(
5151 Bassiony H, Sabet S, El-Din TAS, Mohamed MM, El-Ghor AA. Magnetite nanoparticles inhibit tumor growth and upregulate the expression of P53/P16 in Ehrlich solid carcinoma bearing mice. Plos One. 2014; 9(11):e111960.
)
|
| Non-clinical |
Cells from colon cancer (RKO and SW480) |
Decreased cell proliferation, induced apoptosis and necrosis, down-regulation of proteins (Sp1, Sp3 e Sp4) and decreased expression of genes that involve cell proliferation and angiogenesis |
1-3 mM |
(
5252 Pathi SS, Lei P, Sreevalsan S, Chadalapaka G, Jutooru I, Safe S. Pharmacologic doses of ascorbic acid repress specificity protein (sp) transcription factors and sp-regulated genes in colon cancer cells. Nutr Cancer. 2011; 63(7):1133-42.
)
|
