Guthold et al., 2018 Switzerland22. Guthold R, Stevens GA, Riley LM, Bull FC. Worldwide trends in insufficient physical activity from 2001 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 358 population-based surveys with 1.9 million participants. Lancet Glob Health. 2018;6(10):e1077-86. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30357-7 https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30...
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To describe the levels of insufficient physical activity across countries, and to estimate regional and global trends. |
Data from a population-based study reporting the prevalence of insufficient physical activity. |
The prevalence of physical inactivity in 2016 was two times higher in high-income countries and increased with time (from 2001 to 2016). |
Leão et al., 2020 Brazil33. Leao OA, Knuth AG, Meucci RD. Sedentary behavior in elderly residents from the rural area in southern Brazil. Rev Bras Epidemiol. 2020;23:e200008. https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-549720200008 https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-54972020000...
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To describe the sedentary behavior in elderly people residing in the rural area. |
Data from eight aspects were used to evaluate the sedentary behavior of elderly people residing in the rural area. |
The mean sedentary behavior was lower compared with the literature. |
Rissardi et al., 2018 Brazil55. Rissardi GGL, Cipullo JP, Moreira GC, Ciorlia LAS, Cesarino CB, Giollo Junior LT, et al. Prevalence of physical inactivity and its effects on blood pressure and metabolic parameters in a brazilian urban population. Int J Cardiovasc Sci. 2018;31(6):594-602. https://doi.org/10.5935/2359-4802.20180064 https://doi.org/10.5935/2359-4802.201800...
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To evaluate the prevalence of physical activity in the adult population and its effects on blood pressure, glycemia, and lipid profile. |
Cross-sectional, population-based study with stratified simple random sampling performed with 1,717 adults of different age ranges. |
High prevalence of physical inactivity and correlation with cardiovascular risk factors, especially arterial pressure and glycemic and lipid profiles. |
Costa et al., 2017 Brazil1414. Costa IFAF, Medeiros CCM, Costa FDAF, Farias CRL, Souza DR, Adriano WS, et al. Adolescents: behavior and cardiovascular risk. J Vasc Bras. 2017;16(3):205-13. https://doi.org/10.1590/1677-5449.011816 https://doi.org/10.1590/1677-5449.011816...
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To evaluate the practice of physical activity, sedentary behavior, and the association with cardiovascular risk. |
Cross-sectional study with 576 adolescents using socioeconomic, demographic, lifestyle, and clinical variables. |
Abdominal adiposity and male sex represent important cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents. |
Alvarez et al., 2019 Chile1515. Alvarez C, Ramírez-Campillo R, Sáez-Lafourcade R, Delgado-Floody P, Martínez-Salazar C, Celis-Morales C, et al. Association of physical inactivity with blood pressure and cardiovascular risk factors in Amerindian schoolchildren. Am J Hum Biol. 2019;31(5):e23273. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.23273 https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.23273...
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To investigate whether arterial pressure and other cardiometabolic risk factors differ across physical activity levels in school students of different ethnicities. |
Cross-sectional study with 540 school students from 6 to 13 years of age divided into two groups, according to their ethnicity and physical activity level. |
It was observed that, compared with physically active individuals, the physically inactive individuals showed higher levels of arterial pressure, abdominal circumference, and body mass index. |
Díaz-Martínez et al., 2018 Chile1616. Díaz-Martínez X, Petermann F, Leiva AM, Garrido-Méndez A, Salas-Bravo C, Martínez MA, et al. Association of physical inactivity with obesity, diabetes, hypertension and metabolic syndrome in the chilean population. Rev Med Chil. 2018;146(5):585-95. https://doi.org/10.4067/s0034-98872018000500585 https://doi.org/10.4067/s0034-9887201800...
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To investigate the association of physical activity with obesity, metabolic markers, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome in Chilean adults. |
Through the 2009/2010 National Health Survey, 5,157 participants were evaluated regarding their body mass index, waist circumference, metabolic biomarkers, and physical activity levels. |
Failure to comply with physical activity recommendations is associated with obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome, which are important cardiovascular risk factors. |
Phillips et al., 2017 Ireland1717. Phillips CM, Dillon CB, Perry IJ. Does replacing sedentary behaviour with light or moderate to vigorous physical activity modulate inflammatory status in adults? Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2017;14(1):138. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-017-0594-8 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-017-0594-...
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To determine the relationship between the intensity and duration of physical activity with a range of inflammatory markers. |
Intensity and duration of physical activity were measured in 396 participants for 7 consecutive days. |
Replacing sedentary behavior with moderate to vigorous-intensity physical activity is associated with the improvement of the inflammatory profile. |
Giurgiu et al., 2019 Germany1818. Giurgiu M, Koch ED, Ottenbacher J, Plotnikoff RC, Ebner-Priemer UW, Reichert M. Sedentary behavior in everyday life relates negatively to mood: an ambulatory assessment study. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2019;29(9):1340-51. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.13448 https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.13448...
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To investigate the dynamic relationships between sedentary behavior and mood dimensions in everyday life. |
Ambulatory assessment study on the sedentary behavior and everyday life mood level of 92 college students for 5 days. |
Sedentary participants showed worse satisfaction and energy levels. Sedentary behavior was considered a general health risk factor for affecting somatic and mental health. |
Park et al., 2018 South Korea1919. Park JH, Joh HK, Lee GS, Je SJ, Cho SH, Kim SJ, et al. Association between sedentary time and cardiovascular risk factors in Korean adults. Korean J Fam Med. 2018;39(1):29-36. https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.2018.39.1.29 https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.2018.39.1.2...
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To evaluate the association between sedentary time and cardiovascular risk factors among Korean adults. |
Cross-sectional study analyzing the sedentary time and cardiovascular risk factors among 3,301 adults. |
Prolonged sedentary time was significantly associated with increased diastolic arterial pressure and low HDL cholesterol levels. The associations were independent of general or abdominal obesity and moderate to vigorous-intensity physical activities. |
Crichton and Alkerwi, 2015 Luxembourg2020. Crichton GE, Alkerwi Aa. Physical activity, sedentary behavior time and lipid levels in the Observation of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Luxembourg study. Lipids Health Dis. 2015;14(1):87. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12944-015-0085-3 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12944-015-0085-...
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To assess the relationship of physical activity intensity with HDL and LDL levels, total cholesterol, and triglycerides. |
Participation of 1,331 adults subjected to cardiovascular health assessment and analysis of the level of physical activity. |
Spending less time with sedentary behaviors and engaging in medium levels of intense physical activity may be associated with a more favorable blood lipid profile, particularly with regard to HDL and triglyceride levels. |
Qi et al., 2015 United States2121. Qi Q, Strizich G, Merchant G, Sotres-Alvarez D, Buelna C, Castañeda SF, et al. Objectively measured sedentary time and cardiometabolic biomarkers in US Hispanic/Latino adults: the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL). Circulation. 2015;132(16):1560-9. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.016938 https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.1...
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To evaluate the associations between sedentary time and cardiometabolic biomarkers. |
Analysis of the associations between sedentary time and a range of cardiometabolic biomarkers in 12,083 adults. |
Prolonged sedentary time was associated with decreased HDL levels and increased triglycerides, glycemia, fasting insulin, and insulin resistance. Even in physically active individuals, sedentary time was negatively associated with several cardiometabolic biomarkers. |
Matta et al., 2016 Lebanon2222. Matta S, Chammas E, Alraies C, Abchee A, AlJaroudi W. Association between sedentary lifestyle and diastolic dysfunction among outpatients with normal left ventricular systolic function presenting to a tertiary referral center in the Middle East. Clin Cardiol. 2016;39(5):269-75. https://doi.org/10.1002/clc.22523 https://doi.org/10.1002/clc.22523...
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To evaluate whether physical inactivity is an independent predictor of diastolic dysfunction. |
Evaluation of the level of physical activity and the presence of diastolic dysfunction in 1,356 outpatients. |
Physically inactive patients with increased left ventricular mass index had 2- to 3-fold increased odds of having diastolic dysfunction. |
Andersen et al., 2015 Sweden2323. Andersen K, Lind L, Ingelsson E, Ärnlöv J, Byberg L, Michaëlsson K, et al. Skeletal muscle morphology and risk of cardiovascular disease in elderly men. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2015;22(2):231-9. https://doi.org/10.1177/2047487313506828 https://doi.org/10.1177/2047487313506828...
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To investigate the relationships between skeletal muscle morphology and the risk of cardiovascular events. |
Population-based cohort study with 466 men with 71 years of age and no cardiovascular diseases. |
Higher skeletal muscle proportion of type-I fibers was associated with lower risk of cardiovascular events and a higher proportion of type-IIx fibers was associated with higher risk of cardiovascular events in physically active men. |
Cavedon et al., 2020 Italy2424. Cavedon V, Milanese C, Laginestra FG, Giuriato G, Pedrinolla A, Ruzzante F, et al. Bone and skeletal muscle changes in oldest-old women: the role of physical inactivity. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2020;32(2):207-14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40520-019-01352-x https://doi.org/10.1007/s40520-019-01352...
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To investigate the role of physical inactivity on the bone mineral density and body composition of oldest–old women. |
The bone mineral density and the mass of fat-free soft tissue were measured in 11 oldest–old wheelchair-bound women, 11 oldest–old mobile women, and 11 young healthy women all matched for weight and height. |
Alterations in bone and body composition parameters are exacerbated in the physically inactive oldest–old women. These negative effects of physical inactivity are not limited to locomotor limbs, and a systemic decline of bone and muscle parameters is likely associated with physical inactivity. |