| Bell et al. Zika virus infection of the central nervous system of mice, 1971. |
To verify the correlation between the virus and microcephaly by intracerebral inoculation of 5-week old new-born mice with zika virus. |
It identified that the replication of the astroglial cells is associated with the destruction of the neurons indicating the infection. |
| Schuler-Faccini et al. Possible association between Zika virus infection and microcephaly, 2015. |
Task force report to investigate association between microcephaly and zika virus during gestation from registry with incidence (cephalic circumference ≥ 2 standard deviations [SD] below average for gender and gestational age). |
Four limitations were identified: the historical prevalence of children with microcephaly in Brazil was lower than the estimates; before the alert, despite descriptions of congenital anomalies reported, the cephalic perimeter was not routinely recorded; there were cases in which there was no laboratory confirmation, resulting in an incorrect classification and, finally, there are no comments on other characteristics of the intrauterine infections. |
| Broutet et al. Zika virus as a Cause of Neurologic Disorders, 2016. |
To analyse how and through which mechanisms zika virus infections can affect the nervous system. |
Causal relationships cannot be substantiated in epidemiological studies, but these factors help to identify the strength of possible causal links. |
| Hazin et al. Computed Tomographic Findings in Microcephaly Associated with Zika Virus, 2016. |
To investigate the association between progressive incidences of new-borns with congenital microcephaly in regions affected by ZIKV in Brazil. |
Intrauterine ZIKV infection appears to be associated with severe brain anomalies, including calcifications, cortical hypogria, ventriculomegaly, and white matter abnormalities, although we cannot determine with certainty when ZIKV infection may have occurred during foetal development. |
| Jernej et al. Associação entre Zika Vírus e Microcefalia, 2016. |
Case report on the vertical transmission of zika virus (ZIKV) in a woman probably infected with ZIKV in the Northeast of Brazil at the end of the first trimester of pregnancy. Discussion includes imaging details and foetal pathological and virological analyses. |
Foetal body weight of 1,470 g (percentile 5), length 42 cm (percentile 10), cephalic perimeter 26 cm (1st percentile). The only external anomaly noted was microcephaly; placenta weighing 200 g, resulting in weight ratio of foetal placenta of 0.136 (<percentile 3). Macroscopic examination of the CNS revealed microcephaly with a total brain weight of 84 g (4 standard deviations below average). |
| Mlakar et al. Zika virus associated with microcephaly, 2016. |
Research the association through the increased incidence of microcephaly in foetuses born to mothers infected with ZIKV. |
Near-complete agitation and internal hydrocephalus of the lateral ventricles were observed with numerous calcifications of variable size in the cortex and subcortical white matter in the frontal, parietal and occipital lobes. |
| Oliveira et al. Zika virus intrauterine infection causes foetal brain abnormality and microcephaly: tip of the iceberg?, 2016. |
Case report to prove the relationship between zika virus and microcephaly. |
Similar to other intrauterine infections, it is possible that the reported cases of microcephaly represent only the most affected children and that in new-borns of lesser severity, it affects not only the brain but other organs and it has not yet been diagnosed. |
| Tetro JA. Zika and microcephaly: causation, correlation, coincidence? 2016. |
Research on the increase in incidence in the State of Pernambuco. |
Reduced brain size indicates microcephaly, although the mechanisms of the zika virus pathogenesis appear to be in line with the requirements. There is no concrete evidence. |
| Ventura et al. Ophthalmological findings in infants with microcephaly and presumable intrauterus Zika virus infection, 2016. |
Research based on the report of a 20-fold increase in the prevalence of microcephaly in Brazil, in which the Ministry of Health associated this abnormal prevalence with the transmission of the maternal-foetal zika virus (ZIKV). |
Patients presented normal anterior segment and important abnormalities of the macular nerve and optic nerve. Other studies will evaluate the visual significance of these changes. |
