How does a populist government interpret and face a health crisis? Evidence from the Mexican populist response to COVID-19

Como um governo populista interpreta e enfrenta uma crise na área de saúde? Evidências provenientes da resposta populista mexicana à COVID-19

¿Cómo interpreta y enfrenta un gobierno populista una crisis de salud? Evidencia de la respuesta populista mexicana a la COVID-19

Abstract

In 2020, governments were faced with addressing the health crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, without certainty about what would work best to reduce the health crisis without ruining the economy. Through all the uncertainty, national governments based their responses to COVID-19 on beliefs and political ideas, which was reflected on the diversity of the responses: liberal, authoritarian, centralized, decentralized, transparent, or opaque. In this article we focus on one of these responses, populism, and seek to understand how populist beliefs drive bureaucratic actions taken by a populist government to handle the health crisis. We conducted a comparative case study between the Mexican populist federal government and the non-populist Jalisco state government. Our findings suggest that the administrative actions chosen by the Mexican populist government were based on negative beliefs towards expert scientific knowledge from outside the government; a disinterest in searching for more information from distant or unfamiliar sources; and a strengthening of flagship programs as the main way to address the upcoming economic crisis. We also found that the Mexican government shows a peculiar manifestation of populism, which we refer as downsizing populism. Our article advances our understanding about how populism may affect the form and function of bureaucracies.

Keywords:
COVID-19; populism; public administration; Mexico; comparative analysis