Cerrado, the second largest Brazilian biome, was considered as one of the 25 hotspots of the planet due to its high rate of endemism and because it is one the richest biological regions besides, also considered globally threatened. However, a lot of areas belonging to its biome are needed of elementary knowledge about its biological potential, highlighting the necessity of producing information by making inventories and environmental diagnostics. Based on that, this work aimed to create an inventory for the medium and large-sized mammalian species from the "Parabubure" Indian Reserve, Campinápolis county, Mato Grosso state east. Therefore, the East portion of the Reserve, rating around 25,000 ha, was randomly walked to search for medium and large-sized mammalian evidences during August 12th to September 27th 2005. In order to register the species, the sampling included both direct (acoustics signs and visualizations) and indirect (track, feces and dens) methods. Thirty species of wild mammals, from which 28 were medium and large-sized animals and 2 small-sized animals, were registered, seven of them happen to be listed as endangered species on national level. Lastly, in spite of the mammalian fauna from "Parabubure" Indian Reserve goes throw periodical burnt, apparently, the major threatening source to the mammalian fauna in the Indian Reserve is hunting, both practiced by Xavantes Indians, which has no sustainability plan based on each species capacity support, and other agents.
Mammals; Cerrado; faunistical survey
