T1-weighted gradient-echo imaging, with and without inversion recovery, in the identification of anatomical structures on the lateral surface of the brain

Georgeto, Sergio Murilo; Zicarelli, Carlos Alexandre Martins; Gariba, Munir Antônio; Aguiar, Luiz Roberto

doi:10.1590/0100-3984.2015.0033

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ORIGINAL ARTICLES • Radiol Bras 49 (6) • Nov-Dec 2016 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0100-3984.2015.0033 copy

T1-weighted gradient-echo imaging, with and without inversion recovery, in the identification of anatomical structures on the lateral surface of the brain^* * Study conducted at the Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil.

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Objective:

To compare brain structures using volumetric magnetic resonance imaging with isotropic resolution, in T1-weighted gradient-echo (GRE) acquisition, with and without inversion recovery (IR).

Materials and methods:

From 30 individuals, we evaluated 120 blocks of images of the left and right cerebral hemispheres being acquired by T1 GRE and by T1 IR GRE. On the basis of the Naidich et al. method for localization of anatomical landmarks, 27 anatomical structures were divided into two categories: identifiable and inconclusive. Those two categories were used in the analyses of repeatability (intraobserver agreement) and reproducibility (interobserver agreement). McNemar's test was used in order to compare the T1 GRE and T1 IR GRE techniques.

Results:

There was good agreement in the intraobserver and interobserver analyses (mean kappa > 0.60). McNemar's test showed that the frequency of identifiable anatomical landmarks was slightly higher when the T1 IR GRE technique was employed than when the T1 GRE technique was employed. The difference between the two techniques was statistically significant.

Conclusion:

In the identification of anatomical landmarks, the T1 IR GRE technique appears to perform slightly better than does the T1 GRE technique.

Keywords:
Magnetic resonance imaging; Brain/anatomy & histology; Reproducibility of results

	Anatomical structures	Easily identifiable	Inconclusive	Unidentifiable
Step 1	1. The lateral convexity (sagittal view) in the segment where the deepest extent of the lateral fissure can be seen
Step 2	2. Lateral fissure
	2.1. Posterior horizontal ramus
	2.2. Anterior horizontal ramus
	2.3. Anterior ascending ramus
	2.4. Posterior ascending ramus
	2.5. Posterior descending ramus
	2.6. Anterior subcentral sulcus
	2.7. Posterior subcentral sulcus
	2.8. Transverse temporal sulcus
	2.9. Anterior sylvian point
Step 3	3. Inferior frontal gyrus
	3.1. Orbital part
	3.2. Triangular part
	3.3. Opercular part
Step 4	4. Inferior frontal gyrus
Step 5	5. Connection between the middle frontal and precentral gyrus
Step 6	6. Precentral sulcus
Step 7	7. Precentral gyrus
Step 8	8. Central sulcus
Step 9	9. Postcentral gyrus
Step 10	10. Postcentral sulcus
Step 11	11. Posterior ascending ramus of the lateral fissure/supramarginal gyrus
Step 12	12. Superior temporal sulcus
Step 13	13. Angular gyrus
Step 14	14. Intraparietal sulcus
Step 15	15. Superior parietal lobe

			T1GRE
Scenario	T1 IR GRE		Unidentifiable + inconclusive	Identifiable	Total
1) All observations (n = 15,000)	Unidentifiable + inconclusive	n	582	90	673
		%	7.8%	1.2%	9.0%
	Identifiable	n	256	6,571	6,827
		%	3.4%	87.6%	91.0%
	Total	n	838	6,662	7,500
		%	11.2%	88.8%	100.0%
2) Intraobserver analysis (n = 9,000)	Unidentifiable + inconclusive	n	374	53	427
		%	8.3%	1.2%	9.5%
	Identifiable	n	176	3,897	4,073
		%	3.9%	86.6%	90.5%
	Total	n	550	3,950	4,500
		%	12.2%	87.8%	100.0%
3) Interobserver analysis (n = 9,000)	Unidentifiable + inconclusive	n	341	51	392
		%	7.6%	1.1%	8.7%
	Identifiable	n	145	3,963	4,108
		%	3.2%	88.1%	91.3%
	Total	n	486	4,014	4,500
		%	10.8%	89.2%	100.0%
4) First evaluation of observer 1 (n = 3,000)	Unidentifiable + inconclusive	n	133	13	146
		%	8.9%	0.9%	9.7%
	Identifiable	n	65	1,289	1,354
		%	4.3%	85.9%	90.3%
	Total	n	198	1,302	1,500
		%	13.2%	86.8%	100.0%
5) Evaluation of observer 2 (n = 3,000)	Unidentifiable + inconclusive	n	103	23	126
		%	6.9%	1.5%	8.4%
	Identifiable	n	48	1,326	1,374
		%	3.2%	88.4%	91.6%
	Total	n	151	1,349	1,500
		%	10.1%	89.9%	100.0%
6) Evaluation of observer 3 (n = 3,000)	Unidentifiable + inconclusive	n	105	15	120
		%	7.0%	1.0%	8.0%
	Identifiable	n	32	1,348	1,380
		%	2.1%	89.9%	92.0%
	Total	n	137	1,363	1,500
		%	9.1%	90.9%	100.0%

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T1-weighted gradient-echo imaging, with and without inversion recovery, in the identification of anatomical structures on the lateral surface of the brain* * Study conducted at the Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil.

Abstract

Objective:

Materials and methods:

Results:

Conclusion:

T1-weighted gradient-echo imaging, with and without inversion recovery, in the identification of anatomical structures on the lateral surface of the brain^* * Study conducted at the Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil.