Anal intra-epithelial neoplasia (AIN), provoked by HPV, is considered as an anal cancer precursor. Some articles noticed that it occurred among 11% and 52% of men who have sex with men (MSM) infected with HIV and, among seronegatives, from 6% to 20% of men and from 1% to 2.8% of women. From 8.5% to 13% of high grade AIN will evolve to invasive carcinoma, needing follow-up and screening for prevention. There is no satisfactory treatment with low morbidity and recurrence is frequent. There are two main forms of treatment: topics (trichloroacetic acid, podophylin, podophylotoxin, imiquimod, photodynamic therapy) and ablatives (chirurgical excision, LASER, infrared, eletrocautery). Others consider acceptable an expectant management. Topical therapy is justified because of multifocal presentation of HPV induced lesions and ablative treatments have similar incidences of morbidity and recurrence. Anyway, patients with histological abnormalities need suitable follow-up, with anal Pap smears and high resolution anoscopy.
Intra-epithelial neoplasia; prevention and control; Papillomavirus infections; Carcinoma; squamous cell