Effects of Organic Acids Supplement on Performance, Egg Traits, Blood Serum Biochemical Parameters and Gut Microflora in Female Japanese Quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica)

Fouladi, P; Ebrahimnezhad, Y; Shahryar, H Aghdam; Maheri, N; Ahmadzadeh, A

doi:10.1590/1806-9061-2016-0375

ABSTRACT

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of acetic acid, lactic acid, and butyric acid on the production performance, egg parameters (quality and quantity traits), blood and liver serum biochemical parameters and gastrointestinal tract microorganism on female Japanese quails. A total of 640 female Japanese quails aged 35-84 days were housedfor eight treatments with four replicates. They were arranged in completely randomized design (CRD) to evaluate the effects of basal diet (BD) with a supplement of acetic acid (AA), lactic acid (LA) and butyric acid (BA). The performance parameters to study this effect are feed intake, feed conversion ratio, egg traits such as egg weight, egg production, and egg mass along with specific gravity, internal quality unit (IQU), yolk and albumen indexes, and eggshell traits such as weight, thickness, and surface. It also includes blood serum biochemical parameters such as cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL, LDL, albumin, globulin, glucose, and gastrointestinal tract microflora (E.Coli and Salmonella). Eight dietary treatments were formulated by addition of organic acids such as BD without organic acids additive, BD with 124 mg/kg AA additive, BD with 104 mg/kg LA additive, BD with 113 mg/kg BA additive, BD with 63.5 mg/kg AA+53.5 mg/kg LA additive, BD with 63.5 mg/kg AA+57 mg/kg BA additive, BD with 53.5 mg/kg LA+57 mg/kg BA additive and BD with 41.6 mg/kg AA+35 mg/kg LA+37 mg/kg BA additive. The results showed that the diets containing BD+LA+BA+AA and BD+AA alone considerably increased feed intake, feed conversion ratio, egg weight, egg production and egg mass (p<0.01). The diets containing BD+AA and BD+LA significantly affected some quality traits such as eggshell thickness, eggshell weight (p<0.01), shell surface, and IQU (p<0.05). The diets containing BD+AA and BD+LA alone increased serum cholesterol, HDL, albumin, globulin and total protein significantly (p<0.01). Moreover, the groups containing BD+AA and BD+LA significantly decreased triglyceride contents in serum (p<0.05). The results showed that the diets containing BD+LA and BD+BA significantly decreased the E.Coli and Salmonella population in the gastrointestinal tract (p<0.01). Based on the experiment, it can beinferred that LA alone, or in combination with other organic acids, improved and showed positive effects on performance and egg traits in female Japanese quail.

Keywords:
Biochemical parameters; egg trials; gut microflora; Japanese quail; organic acids.

[1] Corresponding author e-mail address Y. Ebrahimnezhad Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shabestar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shabestar, East Azerbaijan, Iran Email: ebrahimnezhad@iaushab.ac.ir

Ingredients (%)	Basal diet
Corn grain	56.87
Soybean meal (44% CP)	29.98
Corn gluten	3.02
Soybean oil	2.12
Dicalcium Phosphate	1.12
Oyster shell	5.33
Sodium bicarbonate	0.72
Salt	0.19
Mineral premix^a	0.26
Vitamin premix^b	0.26
DL-Methionine	0.12
L-Lysine	0.01
Analyzed Composition
ME (kcal/kg)	29.02
Crude protein (%)	20.03
Calcium (%)	2.55
Available phosphorus (%)	0.32
Available sodium (%)	0.15
Available potassium (%)	0.41
Available chlorine (%)	0.14
Methionine (%)	0.77
Methionine + Cysteine (%)	0.46
Lysine (%)	1.02
Tryptophan (%)	0.31
Threonine (%)	1.10
DCAB (meq/kg)	250.13

		Experimental diets
Traits	BD	BD+AA	BD+LA	BD+BA	BD+AA+LA	BD+AA+BA	BD+LA+BA	BD+AA+LA+BA	SEM	p-Value
Feed Intake (g/bird/day)	23.66^cd	23.61^d	24.09^a	23.79^bc	23.63^e	23.65^cd	23.84^b	23.86^b	1.70	0.0001
Feed conversion ratio	3.18^a	2.72^cd	2.61^d	2.72^cd	2.88^bc	2.86^bc	2.80^bcd	2.94^b	0.03	0.0001
Egg weight (g)	10.78^f	12.32^a	12.03^b	11.89^b	11.16^de	11.25^d	11.55^c	11.03^e	0.05	0.0001
Egg production (%)	73.10^d	83.58^a	80.80^b	78.78^bc	76.47^c	79.37^bc	77.02^c	77.85^c	0.06	0.0001
Egg mass (g/bird/day)	7.88^e	10.29^a	9.72^b	9.36^b	8.53^d	8.92^c	8.89^c	8.58^d	0.05	0.0001

		Experimental diets
Traits	BD	BD+AA	BD+LA	BD+BA	BD+AA+LA	BD+AA+BA	BD+LA+BA	BD+AA+LA+BA	SEM	p-Value
Specific gravity (g/cm³)	1.10	1.11	1.10	1.11	1.12	1.11	1.12	1.11	0.10	0.4553
IQU	44.25^ab	46.44^a	46.61^a	44.22^ab	42.12^b	46.29^a	46.33^a	46.23^a	0.02	0.0256
Eggshell weight (%)	0.98^c	1.05^ab	1.15^a	1.05^ab	1.03^b	1.03^b	1.04^ab	1.04^ab	0.01	0.0001
Eggshell thickness (mm)	0.21^c	0.25^ab	0.26^a	0.24^b	0.23^bc	0.21^c	0.24^b	0.24^b	0.006	0.0002
Eggshell surface (cm²)	30.25^cd	33.76^ab	34.58^a	33.37^ab	31.32^bc	31.57^bc	32.42^b	30.96^c	0.06	0.0181
Yolk index (%)	45.14	45.03	45.40	45.50	45.50	45.42	45.62	45.42	0.22	0.0993
Albumen index (%)	5.12	5.14	5.15	5.14	5.16	5.13	5.14	5.15	0.07	0.3742
Roch^,s yolk color	3.00	3.00	3.00	3.00	3.00	3.00	3.00	3.00	0.006	0.2549
Hatchability	68.75^g	80.50^a	78.25^b	73.00^e	73.75^de	76.50^bc	75.50^cd	70.75^f	0.66	0.0001

		Experimental diets
Traits	BD	BD+AA	BD+LA	BD+BA	BD+AA+LA	BD+AA+BA	BD+LA+BA	BD+AA+LA+BA	SEM	p-Value
Cholesterol (mg/dl)	224.00^d	275.75^a	270.50^a	245.10^bc	246.00^bc	235.75^c	235.50^c	259.25^b	14.75	0.0052
Triglyceride (mg/dl)	258.25^a	229.50^c	230.00^c	253.25^ab	228.50^c	240.25^bc	241.00^bc	255^ab	5.11	0.0026
HDL (mg/dl)	148.75^d	204.25^a	200.75^ab	170.50^c	176.25^c	163.75^cd	163.25^cd	184.50^b	4.26	0.0001
LDL (mg/dl)	24.07	24.10	24.08	24.07	24.08	24.08	24.07	24.09	1.99	0.0981
Albumin (g/dl)	2.23^e	4.30^a	4.00^ab	3.54^c	2.55^e	3.48^c	3.67^bc	3.00^d	0.12	0.0001
Globulin (g/dl)	1.66^d	2.49^a	2.09^b	1.69^d	1.64^d	1.86^cd	1.96^bc	1.67^d	0.07	0.0001
Total protein (g/dl)	3.89^e	6.80^a	6.09^b	5.23^c	4.19^e	5.34^c	5.63^c	4.68^d	0.15	0.0001
Glucose (mg/dl)	231.50^c	245.75^abc	258.00^ab	258.50^ab	238.75^bc	239.25^bc	263.00^a	247.70^abc	6.06	0.0015
Yolk cholesterol (mg/g/yolk)	13.25	13.50	13.25	13.50	13.25	13.75	13.00	13.00	1.63	0.5233

		Experimental diets
Traits	BD	BD+AA	BD+LA	BD+BA	BD+AA+LA	BD+AA+BA	BD+LA+BA	BD+AA+LA+BA	SEM	p-Value
Cholesterol (mg/dl)	75.00	77.50	76.50	75.25	77.75	77.00	76.75	77.75	1.27	0.2938
Triglyceride (mg/dl)	288.00^c	320.00^a	315.25^a	315.25^a	278.75^d	288.25^c	305.50^b	276.00^d	2.33	0.0003
HDL (mg/dl)	34.00	34.00	34.00	33.25	34.00	34.50	33.75	34.75	0.71	0.1601
LDL (mg/dl)	42.00	43.50	42.75	42.50	43.00	43.00	43.50	43.25	0.90	0.2809

Brasil

Brasil

Effects of Organic Acids Supplement on Performance, Egg Traits, Blood Serum Biochemical Parameters and Gut Microflora in Female Japanese Quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica)

ABSTRACT

		Experimental diets
Traits	BD	BD+AA	BD+LA	BD+BA	BD+AA+LA	BD+AA+BA	BD+LA+BA	BD+AA+LA+BA	SEM	p-Value
Crop	5.83^a	4.86^b	4.77^b	4.86^b	4.83^b	4.87^b	4.87^b	4.86^b	0.02	0.0001
Gizzard	2.02^a	1.93^ab	1.76^b	1.92^ab	1.91^ab	1.92^ab	1.93^ab	1.91^ab	0.008	0.0001
Duodenum	6.02^a	5.56^ab	5.32^b	5.56^ab	5.55^ab	5.55^ab	5.56^ab	5.55^ab	0.01	0.0001
Jejunum	6.42^a	5.95^ab	5.44^b	5.95^ab	5.95^ab	5.95^ab	5.95^ab	5.95^ab	0.006	0.0001
Ileum	6.83^a	5.24^ab	5.00^b	5.23^ab	5.23^ab	5.23^ab	5.22^ab	5.24^ab	0.01	0.0001
Cecum	5.60^a	5.13^b	5.49^ab	5.45^ab	5.42^ab	5.42^ab	5.44^ab	5.43^ab	0.008	0.0012
Cloaca	6.88	6.88	6.88	6.88	6.88	6.89	6.88	6.88	0.01	0.0812

		Experimental diets
Traits	BD	BD+AA	BD+LA	BD+BA	BD+AA+LA	BD+AA+BA	BD+LA+BA	BD+AA+LA+BA	SEM	p-Value
E.Coli (CFU/g)	7.31^a	4.28^c	3.45^f	3.28^f	4.39^c	4.01^d	5.24^b	3.68^e	0.07	0.0001
Salmonella (CFU/g)	5.31^a	3.41^c	2.09^e	2.08^e	3.29^c	2.78^d	4.00^b	2.70^d	0.15	0.0001