The internal thoracic artery (ITA) was studied because of its increased utilization in myocardial revascularization surgery due to the excellent long-term results. A review of its anatomical characteristics to clear some morphological aspects was made, aiming to help the extension of its utilization and prevent operative complications. The study was carried out in 100 cadavers; the anterior sternocostal wall of the thorax was removed and the arteries were injected with Neoprene Latex. The ITA originated directly from the subclavian artery in 82.5% and from a common trunk with other arteries in 17.5%. Its lenght was 20.4 ± 2.1 cm in average and the most frequent end point was the 6th intercostal space (52.5%). The end point form was as bifurcation in 93% and as trifurcation in 7%. The relation of ITA with the sternal margins was, on average, 10.3 ± 3.2 mm at the level of first intercostal space and 19.2 ± 6.0 mm at the level of 6th intercostal space. It was covered by the transverse muscle of thorax in a distance of 7.5 ± 2.7 cm long (average) and the lateral costal branch was present in 15%. The ITA was crossed anteriorly by phrenic nerve in 70% and posteriorly in 30%. Informations provided by this study may help prevent complications in ITA dissections and to improve our knowledgement on its anatomical characteristics.
Thoracic arteries; Thoracic arteries
