Background: Aortic valve prosthesis with adequate hemodynamic performance should allow more complete left ventricular mass regression and return left ventricular function back to normal. This possibly affects long term prognosis after aortic valve replacement. Objective: Assessment of hemodynamic performance of the pulmonary autograft in the aortic position and the regression of left ventricular mass after the Ross procedure. Material and Methods: Between May/95 and Mar/96, 45 patients with mean age of 27.1 years were submitted to a Ross procedure. Doppler echocardiography and cardiac catheterization were performed on all patients before hospital discharge to analyze the hemodynamic performance of the auto and homografts employed, as well as to evaluate left ventricular mass and function. Fourteen patients with follow-up longer than six months were sumitted to dobutamine stress echocardiography to study hemodynamic performance of the auto and homografts at during exercise. Results: Hospital mortality was 6%. After a mean follow-up of 12.8 months (1-23), there was one late sudden death. No valve related event was noted during this period. Immediate and late hemodynamic performance of the pulmonary autografts were normal with average mean gradients of 1.8 ± 0.6 mmHg and average maximum instantaneous gradients of 2.9 ± 0.9 mmHg. Valvular insufficiency was almost null. Even during exercise, gradients did not increase significantly with average mean gradients of 4.3 ± 2.5 mmHg and average maximum gradients of 10.4 ± 6.1 mmHg. Homografts used for right ventricular reconstruction exhibited excellent immediate hemodynamic performance. However, at late follow-up an increase in flow velocities was noted with an average of mean gradients of 10 ± 7.1 mmHg at rest and 26 ± 13.3 mmHg at exercise. Left ventricular mass index dropped from 168 ± 46 g/m² preoperatively to 115 ± 32 g/m² six months after the operation. Left ventricular function was normal at rest and during exercise in the marjority of patients. Conclusions: Given the normal hemodynamic performance of the autografts, the important decrease in left ventricular mass and the normal left ventricular function late postoperatively, the Ross procedure is considered the operation of choice for young patients who need aortic valve replacement.
Aortic valve; Pulmonary valve; Cardiac valve; Cardiac surgery; Hypertrophy; Transplantation; Transplantation; Ventricular function; Ventricular function
