Analysis of the small-sided games in volleyball: an ecological approach

Rocha, Augusto Cézar Rodrigues; Castro, Henrique de Oliveira; Freire, Auro Barreiros; Faria, Bárbara Costa; Mitre, Gustavo Palhares; Fonseca, Fabiano de Souza; Lima, Cláudio Olívio Vilela; Costa, Gustavo De Conti Teixeira

doi:10.1590/1980-0037.2020v22e70184

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Revista Brasileira de Cineantropometria & Desempenho Humano

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original article • Rev. bras. cineantropom. desempenho hum 22 • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-0037.2020v22e70184 copy

Analysis of the small-sided games in volleyball: an ecological approach

Análise dos pequenos jogos no voleibol: uma abordagem ecológica

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to compare the tactical and technical behavior of beginner players in volleyball side-out between four distinct situations of reduced games with different area/player ratios: 4.5 m² (3.0 m x 3.0 m), 8.0 m² (4.0 m x 4.0 m), 10.58 m² (4.6 m x 4.6 m), and 13.52 m² (5.2 m x 5.2 m). We analyzed 76 games played by 16 players with a mean age of 12.2 ± 0.5 years and experience of 1.2 ± 0.8 years of practice. Tactical and technical behavior was analyzed using an adaptation of the Game Performance Analysis Instrument (GPAI). The analysis was conducted for passing, setting and attacking according to the components related to technical adjustment, technical efficiency and decision-making. The results showed that players presented higher technical and tactical indexes in the passing and setting skills in 4.6 m x 4.6 m and 5.2 m x 5.2 m situations. Also, in the 3.0 m x 3.0 m situation higher technical indexes were found for the attacking. No differences were found in the tactical behavior of attacking for tested situations. We conclude that the environmental constraints imposed by the small-sided games imply distinct technical and technical behaviors. Thus, the pedagogical strategy of using small-sided games for the teaching of volleyball for beginner players must be associated with the intended objectives for each basic volleyball skills.

Key words
Decision-making; Efficiency; Efficacy; Sport

		Aspects analyzed	Condition	Mean ± SD	p
Passing	Adjustment	Item 1: Moves to occupy position in the likely fall of the ball.	3,0m x 3,0m	0,29 ± 0,46	0,001^* * Statistical difference between conditions p <0.05.
			4,0m x 4,0m	0,04 ± 0,21
			4,6m x 4,6m	0,12 ± 0,33
			5,2m x 5,2m	0,13 ± 0,34
		Item 2: Puts in expectation position and adjusts its position according to the proximity of the lateral lines.	3,0m x 3,0m	0,30 ± 0,46	0,457
			4,0m x 4,0m	0,27 ± 0,44
			4,6m x 4,6m	0,34 ± 0,47
			5,2m x 5,2m	0,29 ± 0,46
		Item 3: After receiving, moves to perform the next action (attacking or coverage).	3,0m x 3,0m	0,01 ± 0,11	0,255
			4,0m x 4,0m	0,01 ± 0,07
			4,6m x 4,6m	0,02 ± 0,14
			5,2m x 5,2m	0,00 ± 0,00
Passing	Efficiency	Item 1: Semi-flexed lower limbs resting on the floor at the moment of contact.	3,0m x 3,0m	0,73 ± 0,45	0,001^* * Statistical difference between conditions p <0.05.
			4,0m x 4,0m	0,89 ± 0,30
			4,6m x 4,6m	0,58 ± 0,50
			5,2m x 5,2m	0,62 ± 0,49
		Item 2: Positions the body behind the ball and contacts the ball in the middle of the supports.	3,0m x 3,0m	0,78 ± 0,42	0,001^* * Statistical difference between conditions p <0.05.
			4,0m x 4,0m	0,95 ± 0,22
			4,6m x 4,6m	0,90 ± 0,30
			5,2m x 5,2m	0,92 ± 0,27
		Item 3: Contact the ball on the platform formed by the forearms with the upper limbs in extension (forearm) or contact the ball above and in front of forehead level (hands setting).	3,0m x 3,0m	0,95 ± 0,22	0,02^* * Statistical difference between conditions p <0.05.
			4,0m x 4,0m	0,97 ± 0,16
			4,6m x 4,6m	0,99 ± 0,09
			5,2m x 5,2m	0,97 ± 0,17

		Aspects analyzed	Condition	Mean ± SD	p
Setting	Adjustment	Item 1: Moves quickly to the lift position.	3,0m x 3,0m	0,15 ± 0,362	0,001^* * Statistical difference between conditions p <0.05.
			4,0m x 4,0m	0,03 ± 0,175
			4,6m x 4,6m	0,14 ± 0,353
			5,2m x 5,2m	0,27 ± 0,446
		Item 2: Adjusts body position according to the trajectory of the ball.	3,0m x 3,0m	0,97 ± 0,158	0,001^* * Statistical difference between conditions p <0.05.
			4,0m x 4,0m	0,98 ± 0,155
			4,6m x 4,6m	0,70 ± 0,459
			5,2m x 5,2m	0,69 ± 0,465
		Item 3: Stabilizes body position as a function of attacking completion zone (frontal plane setting).	3,0m x 3,0m	0,39 ± 0,489	0,001^* * Statistical difference between conditions p <0.05.
			4,0m x 4,0m	0,44 ± 0,498
			4,6m x 4,6m	0,57 ± 0,497
			5,2m x 5,2m	0,64 ± 0,483
Setting	Efficiency	Item 1: Contact the ball on the forearm platform with the extended upper limbs (forearm setting) or contact the ball above and in front of forehead level (hands setting).	3,0m x 3,0m	0,95 ± 0,212	0,991
			4,0m x 4,0m	0,95 ± 0,216
			4,6m x 4,6m	0,96 ± 0,202
			5,2m x 5,2m	0,95 ± 0,222
		Item 2: Coordinates flexion and extension of the upper and lower limbs.	3,0m x 3,0m	0,06 ± 0,230	0,001^* * Statistical difference between conditions p <0.05.
			4,0m x 4,0m	0,01 ± 0,102
			4,6m x 4,6m	0,19 ± 0,398
			5,2m x 5,2m	0,17 ± 0,375
		Item 3: At the moment of contact, directs the body position to the end zone of the attacking.	3,0m x 3,0m	0,35 ± 0,477	0,001^* * Statistical difference between conditions p <0.05.
			4,0m x 4,0m	0,45 ± 0,498
			4,6m x 4,6m	0,50 ± 0,502
			5,2m x 5,2m	0,60 ± 0,493

		Aspects analyzed	Condition	Mean ± SD	p
Attacking	Adjustment	Item 1: Waits for the lift to begin the approach phase of the spike (goes to the starting point of attacking).	3,0m x 3,0m	0,17 ± 0,39	0,001*
			4,0m x 4,0m	0,01 ± 0,17
			4,6m x 4,6m	0,06 ± 0,24
			5,2m x 5,2m	0,00 ± 0,10
		Item 2: Adjusts the plang phase according to the trajectory and speed of ball.	3,0m x 3,0m	0,17 ± 0,38	0,001*
			4,0m x 4,0m	0,18 ± 0,39
			4,6m x 4,6m	0,06 ± 0,24
			5,2m x 5,2m	0,00 ± 0,00
		Item 3: Adjusts the movement speed of the attack arm as a function of the opposing block.	3,0m x 3,0m	0,01 ± 0,09	0,994
			4,0m x 4,0m	0,01 ± 0,10
			4,6m x 4,6m	0,01 ± 0,09
			5,2m x 5,2m	0,01 ± 0,10
Attacking	Efficiency	Item 1: Positions the opposite foot of the dominant upper limb slightly forward.	3,0m x 3,0m	0,31 ± 0,46	0,001*
			4,0m x 4,0m	0,12 ± 0,33
			4,6m x 4,6m	0,17 ± 0,38
			5,2m x 5,2m	0,04 ± 0,19
		Item 2: Coordinates flexion and extension of upper and lower limbs.	3,0m x 3,0m	0,09 ± 0,28	0,095
			4,0m x 4,0m	0,04 ± 0,20
			4,6m x 4,6m	0,07 ± 0,26
			5,2m x 5,2m	0,04 ± 0,19
		Item 3: Hits the ball above and in front of the body with the dominant arm extended at the moment of contact with ball.	3,0m x 3,0m	0,93 ± 0,26	0,053
			4,0m x 4,0m	0,97 ± 0,17
			4,6m x 4,6m	0,95 ± 0,23
			5,2m x 5,2m	0,98 ± 0,13

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[1] Corresponding author Gustavo De Conti Teixeira CostaFaculdade de Educação Física e Dança Universidade Federal de Goiás, Campus Samambaia Avenida Esperança s/n, Goiânia, Goiás, Brasil. CEP: 74.690-900. E-mail address: conti02@ufg.br