Effects of water aerobics on posture alignment and risk of falls of older adults: an intervention study

Reis, Camila Costa Ibiapina; Santos, Marcos Antônio Pereira dos; Costa, Camila Feitosa da; Araújo, Edna Maria Silva; Ramos, Luiz Roberto

doi:10.1590/rbce.43.e011020

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Esporte 43 • 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/rbce.43.e011020 copy

Effects of water aerobics on posture alignment and risk of falls of older adults: an intervention study

Efeitos da hidroginástica no alinhamento postural e risco de quedas em idosos: um estudo de intervenção

Efectos de los hidroginasticos sobre la alineación postural y riesgo de caídas de adultos mayores: un estudio de intervención

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Considering that aging leads to losses in postural control and balance, our objective was to analyze the effects of water aerobics on posture alignment and risk of falls in older adults. A quasi-experimental intervention study included 49 older adults in the Intervention Group (IG) and 34 in the Control Group (CG). A plumbed symmetrograph assessed posture alignment, while a Time Up & Go test determined the fall risk. The IG performed water aerobics twice a week for three months. Posture alignment significantly improved in most body segments assessed for the IG, and worsened in the CG. The low risk of falls in the IG increased by 28% in relation to the CG. We concluded that water aerobics improved posture alignment and reduced fall risk in older adults.

Keywords:
Posture; Older adult; Risk of falls; Water exercise

Body posture	Intervention Group		Δ IG	p value	Control Group			p value
Body posture	Before	After	Δ IG	p value	Before	After	Δ CG	p value
Foot longitudinal arch R AV	41	39	2	0.541	34	33	1	0.579
Foot longitudinal arch L AV	41	37	4	0.236	34	33	1	0.607
Forefoot R AV	35	32	3	0.526	20	23	-3	0.243
Forefoot L AV	35	32	3	0.526	20	23	-3	0.243
Hindfoot R PV	43	40	3	0.475	23	28	-5	0.075
Hindfoot L PV	43	43	0	0.999	23	28	-5	0.055
Knees AV	36	34	2	0.810	36	37	-1	0.836
Knees RL	38	14	24^* * Statically significant changes of Δ IG and Δ CG (Mixed two-way ANOVA) p<0.05.	0.00002	21	34	-13*	0.024
Knees LL	32	12	20*	0.002	19	31	-12*	0.003
Pelvis RL	52	52	0	0.999	40	41	-1	0.801
Pelvis LL	50	51	-1	0.861	41	41	0	0.999
Lumbar Spine	41	41	0	0.999	30	31	-1	0.801
Thoracic Spine	45	45	0	0.999	44	45	-1	0.709
Cervical Spine	48	47	1	0.882	57	59	-2	0.165
Head AV	40	25	15*	0.0001	31	34	-3	0.339
Head RL	65	47	18*	0.003	44	44	0	0.999
Head LL	64	48	16*	0.010	40	45	-5	0.239
Shoulders AV	45	42	3	0.217	34	34	0	0.999
Shoulders RL	60	24	36*	0.000001	28	39	-11*	0.035
Shoulders LL	46	24	22*	0.001	31	42	-11*	0.018

Group	Risk of falls			Totals
	Low Risk	Medium Risk	High Risk	n (%)
	n (%)	n (%)	n (%)	n (%)
CG BI	31 (93.9)	2 (6.10)	-	33 (100)
IG BI	37 (75.5)	12 (24.5)	-	49 (100)
CG AI	28 (84.8)	5 (15.2)	-	33 (100)
IG AI	46 (93.9)	3 (6.10)	-	49 (100)
IG Delta p^* * p-value of the Wilcoxon test. Source: Faculty Association of the Federal University of Piauí, 2015-2016.	0.03	0.03	-	49 (100)
CG Delta p*	0.083	0.083	-	33 (100)
IG X CG Delta (p*)	<0.016	<0.016	-	-

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[1] *Autor correspondente: Luiz Roberto Ramos E-mail: lrr@uol.com.br