Abstract:
The first definition of res publica rthat we know of comes from Cicero. It constitutes the central point of interest in Roman political thought. Through a textual and contextual analysis of that definition, I seek to demonstrate how, with the intention of conserving the Roman Republic, Cícero created a criterion for legitimacy that attributed political obligations to the rulers. If those obligations were not fulfilled, the government could be deposed and even the use of force justified. Cicero lived in a context of civil war in which that criterion was constantly disrespected, so his political thinking can be understood as an effort to defend the mixed constitution based on the application of these principles of legitimacy. His work also called on his compatriots to engage in virtuous political activity.
Key-Words:
Cicero; Res Publica; Legitimacy; Force; Mixed Constitution