Frequently, soil compaction limits the yield of grain crops in mechanized lands, and its spatial distribution in the cropland is usually regionalized. In an area managed under long-term no-tillage, we investigated the relationship between soil penetration resistance (PR) and soybean yield, the effectiveness of types of chisel plows, and their effect on soybean yield. The soil from the plateau region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, was classified as a clayey Oxisol. The climate is subtropical (Cfa - Köppen classification), with annual rainfall of 1,750 mm and mean annual temperature of 18.7 ºC. A completely randomized block experimental design was used with four treatments and two replications. The treatments, arranged in parallel strips of 100 × 20 m, were: a) site-specific chisel plow with variable depth according to soil penetration resistance (PR) (ESEV); b) conventional chisel plow (EC) with fixed depth; c) site-specific chisel plow with fixed depth (ESEF); d) control - without chisel plowing (SE). To evaluate PR, a digital penetrometer with georeferenced readings with a 50 × 50 m grid was used, with two evaluation periods. Soybean grain yield was obtained through a combine equipped with a yield sensor and GPS satellite receiver. A mean value of 1.4 MPa was observed for RP after cover crop management practices and a mean value of 2.1 after harvest. The RP reading after cover crop management and soybean grain yield exhibited poor correlation (r² = -0.297; p<0.05). The PR values of 3.0 and 5.0 MPa resulted in decreases of approximately 10 and 38 % of soybean grain yields, respectively. Chisel plowing, regardless of the piece type of equipment used, did not increase soybean yield compared to the control without soil tillage. This result was attributed to the frequent rainfall and good physical and hydraulic conditions of long-term no-till.
soil compaction; precision agriculture; soil physics
