Humic acids (HA) directly stimulate several physiological processes that promote plant growth, particularly of the root system. Knowledge about the chemical nature and the role of HA in the effects observed under biofertilization and biostimulation is essential to develop HA-based biological resources. The aim of this study was to evaluate a possible relationship between the distribution of the apparent molecular weight of HA isolated from vermicompost and the response in root growth promotion. HA sub-fractions were obtained through preparative chromatography by size exclusion using Sephadex gel G-50 gel (CGE). The preparative process was validated by high-performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC). The five sub-fractions were tested at different concentrations (0; 0.0001; 0.001; 0.003; 0.005; and 0.001 mol L-1 C) for their capacity to stimulate root growth of Arabidopisis thaliana (ecotype col 4) seedlings. For maize seedlings (Zea mays hybrid UENF 506-6) a rate of 0.002 mol L-1 C was used. The quadratic model described the relationship between root growth induction and HA dose in Arabidopsis; 0.00511 mol L-1 C was the average inflection point. At the optimum concentration, a significant negative correlation between molecular weight distribution and the number of lateral roots induced in A. thaliana was observed. However, other root traits, e.g., area and length, were not influenced by the apparent molecular weight of fractions. An increase in the number of mitotic and lateral root emission was observed for maize seedlings, both for the treatment with HA as well as with the sub-fractions. The H+-ATPase activity of plasma membrane was significantly affected by HA, although differently in the sub-fractions. The stimulating activity of root growth seems to be more related to the chemical structure of humic substances than to the distribution of molecular weight of the humic aggregates.
physiological effects; structure and conformation; gel chromatography; HPLC
