Clonal teak litter in tropical soil: decomposition, nutrient cycling, and biochemical composition

Cavalcante, Valéria Santos; Santos, Márcio Luiz dos; Cotta, Luisa Carla; Neves, Júlio César Lima; Soares, Emanuelle Mercês Barros

doi:10.36783/18069657rbcs20200071

Valéria Santos Cavalcante ^**Corresponding author: E-mail: valeria.cavalcante.agro@gmail.com

Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Solos, Programa de Pós-graduação em Solos e Nutrição de Plantas, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0788-5246

Márcio Luiz dos Santos

Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Agronomia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Fitotecnia, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4015-0826

Luisa Carla Cotta

Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Solos, Programa de Pós-graduação em Solos e Nutrição de Plantas, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7166-0637

Júlio César Lima Neves

Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Solos, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8356-5100

Emanuelle Mercês Barros Soares

Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Solos, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1091-0481

*Corresponding author: E-mail: valeria.cavalcante.agro@gmail.com

Editors: José Miguel Reichert orcid.org/0000-0001-9943-2898 and Clístenes Nascimento orcid.org/0000-0002-5103-5524

AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS

Conceptualization: orcid.org/0000-0003-0788-5246 Valéria Santos Cavalcante (equal), orcid.org/0000-0001-8356-5100 Júlio César Lima Neves (equal), and orcid.org/0000-0003-1091-0481 Emanuelle Mercês Barros Soares (equal).

Methodology: orcid.org/0000-0003-0788-5246 Valéria Santos Cavalcante (equal), orcid.org/0000-0001-8356-5100 Júlio César Lima Neves (equal), and orcid.org/0000-0003-1091-0481 Emanuelle Mercês Barros Soares (equal).

Validation: orcid.org/0000-0003-0788-5246 Valéria Santos Cavalcante (lead) and orcid.org/0000-0001-8356-5100 Júlio César Lima Neves (supporting).

Formal analysis: orcid.org/0000-0003-0788-5246 Valéria Santos Cavalcante (lead), orcid.org/0000-0001-8356-5100 Júlio César Lima Neves (supporting), and orcid.org/0000-0003-1091-0481 Emanuelle Mercês Barros Soares (supporting).

Investigation: orcid.org/0000-0003-0788-5246 Valéria Santos Cavalcante (lead), orcid.org/0000-0002-4015-0826 Márcio Luiz dos Santos (supporting), and orcid.org/0000-0001-7166-0637 Luísa Carla Cotta (supporting).

Resources: orcid.org/0000-0001-8356-5100 Júlio César Lima Neves (lead), orcid.org/0000-0003-1091-0481 Emanuelle Mercês Barros Soares (lead), and orcid.org/0000-0003-0788-5246 Valéria Santos Cavalcante (supporting).

Data curation: orcid.org/0000-0003-0788-5246 Valéria Santos Cavalcante (lead), orcid.org/0000-0002-4015-0826 Márcio Luiz dos Santos (supporting), and orcid.org/0000-0001-7166-0637 Luísa Carla Cotta (supporting).

Writing – original draft: orcid.org/0000-0003-0788-5246 Valéria Santos Cavalcante (lead), orcid.org/0000-0001-8356-5100 Júlio César Lima Neves (supporting), orcid.org/0000-0002-4015-0826 Márcio Luiz dos Santos (supporting), orcid.org/0000-0001-7166-0637 Luísa Carla Cotta (supporting), and orcid.org/0000-0003-1091-0481 Emanuelle Mercês Barros Soares (supporting).

Writing – review and editing: orcid.org/0000-0003-0788-5246 Valéria Santos Cavalcante (lead), orcid.org/0000-0001-8356-5100 Júlio César Lima Neves (supporting), and orcid.org/0000-0003-1091-0481 Emanuelle Mercês Barros Soares (supporting).

Visualization: orcid.org/0000-0003-0788-5246 Valéria Santos Cavalcante (lead), orcid.org/0000-0001-8356-5100 Júlio César Lima Neves (supporting), and orcid.org/0000-0003-1091-0481 Emanuelle Mercês Barros Soares (supporting).

Supervision: orcid.org/0000-0001-8356-5100 Júlio César Lima Neves (lead) and orcid.org/0000-0003-1091-0481 Emanuelle Mercês Barros Soares (supporting).

Project administration: orcid.org/0000-0001-8356-5100 Júlio César Lima Neves (lead), orcid.org/0000-0003-1091-0481 Emanuelle Mercês Barros Soares (lead), and orcid.org/0000-0003-0788-5246 Valéria Santos Cavalcante (supporting).

Layer	pH(H₂O)	C total	N total	P	K	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	Al³⁺	H+Al³⁺	SB
m		-----dag kg^-1-----		-----mg dm^-3-----		-----------------------cmol_c dm^-3-----------------------
0.00-0.20	5.58	0.89	0.06	1.00	6.75	0.58	0.38	0.18	3.25	0.95
0.20-0.40	5.05	0.57	0.04	0.50	6.25	0.13	0.13	0.45	3.05	0.25
0.40-0.60	4.85	0.44	0.02	0.30	5.25	0.03	0.08	0.48	2.80	0.10

Layer	t	T	V	m	Prem	Clay	Silt	Sand
m	-----cmol_cdm^-3-----		-------%-------		mg L^-1	------------------------g kg^-1------------------------
0.00-0.20	1.13	4.20	22.50	17.00	31.05	115.0	72.5	812.5
0.20-0.40	0.70	3.30	8.50	61.75	29.18	150.0	75.0	775.0
0.40-0.60	0.58	2.90	3.50	79.75	27.78	142.5	100.0	757.5

Macronutrients ans dry matter		Organic compounds
Dry Matter (Mg ha^-1)	5.16	POLS (g kg^-1)	217.08
C (g kg^-1)	400.50	POLP (g kg^-1)	110.85
N (g kg^-1)	7.30	TAN (g kg^-1)	26.16
P (g kg^-1)	0.50	EX (g kg^-1)	8.14
K (g kg^-1)	3.40	SLIG (g kg^-1)	3.50
Ca (g kg^-1)	17.70	ILIG (g kg^-1)	35.71
Mg (g kg^-1)	6.80	TLIG (g kg^-1)	39.21
S (g kg^-1)	0.60	HOLO (g kg^-1)	56.13

Models	Form ⁽¹⁾ (1) Adjustment factor has been multiplied for some models, it does not disturb the shape of the curve and does not interfere with the value of the parameters.	Description	Parameter definition
Exponential decay	Y = Yo e^–kx Y = Yo + ae^-kx	The first model is known in soil science as ^{Olson's (1963)}40 Olson JS. Energy storage and the balance of producers and decomposers in ecological systems. Ecology. 1963;44:322-30. https://doi.org/10.2307/1932179 https://doi.org/10.2307/1932179... and is used to describe the decomposition of straw residues. It is a simple equation with one major unknown, the rate constant (k). The second model is an adaptation of the first but is based on the same principle ( ^{Archontoulis and Miguez, 2015}3 Archontoulis SV, Miguez FE. Nonlinear regression models and applications in agricultural research. Agron J. 2015;107:786-98. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2012.0506 https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2012.0506... )	Y is the response variable (e.g., remaining dry matter), x is the explanatory variable (e.g., time), Yo is the initial or the maximum Y value, k is a rate constant that determines the steepness of the curve (e.g., decomposition constant). In the second model, a is the ordinate of the point at which the line intersects the y-axis when x is zero
Harris	Y = 1/(a + bx^c)	This is a yield-spacing model, used to evaluate both the decomposition of the litter and the organic compounds present in it ( ^{Vitale et al., 2019}51 Vitale M, Amitrano W, Hoshika Y, Paoletti E. Plant species-specific litter decomposition rates are directly affected by tropospheric ozone: analysis of trends and modeling. Water Air Soil Pollut. 2019;230:311. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-019-4339-y https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-019-4339-... )	Y is the response variable (e.g., relative contents of N), x is the explanatory variable (e.g., time), a is the ordinate of the point at which the line intersects the y-axis when x is zero, b is the initial or the maximum Y value, and c is a rate constant that determines the steepness of the curve (e.g., the relative content of N)

Time	C	N	P	K	Ca	Mg	S	C/N ⁽¹⁾ (1) Significant at 1 % probability level by F test. Means followed by the same letter in the column do not differ by Scott-Knott test at 5 % probability level. Means ± standard error, n = 4.	C/P ⁽¹⁾ (1) Significant at 1 % probability level by F test. Means followed by the same letter in the column do not differ by Scott-Knott test at 5 % probability level. Means ± standard error, n = 4.	C/S ⁽¹⁾ (1) Significant at 1 % probability level by F test. Means followed by the same letter in the column do not differ by Scott-Knott test at 5 % probability level. Means ± standard error, n = 4.
year	g kg^-1
0.000	400.5±1.1	7.3±0.2	0.5±0.0	3.4±0.6	17.7±1.9	6.8±0.7	0.6±0.0	54.9b±1.9	681.5a±29.2	641.9b±31.9
0.083		6.6±0.4	0.5±0.0	1.5±0.2	16.3±1.0	5.3±0.1	1.0±0.0
0.166		6.9±0.2	0.5±0.0	1.4±0.2	16.7±1.2	5.4±0.2	1.0±0.0
0.250	400.8±0.5	6.6±0.2	0.6±0.0	1.8±0.5	11.7±0.3	8.3±0.9	0.4±0.0	61.8a±1.9	678.5a±31.4	964.3a±70.5
0.333		6.9±0.2	0.5±0.0	1.2±0.2	12.8±0.6	8.5±0.3	0.3±0.0
0.416		7.9±0.2	0.5±0.0	0.9±0.1	13.5±0.6	8.1±0.3	0.3±0.0
0.500		7.8±0.4	0.6±0.0	0.6±0.1	12.9±0.3	7.7±0.2	0.3±0.0
0.583	413.0±0.9	8. 5±0.4	0.6±0.0	0.6±0.0	14.3±1.0	4.1±0.4	0.8±0.0	48.5c±1.7	640.6a±41.3	487.2c±17.9
0.666		8.6±0.4	0.6±0.0	0.5±0.0	15.0±0.8	4.5±0.4	0.8±0.0
0.750	412.0±0.7	8.5±0.3	0.6±0.0	0.5±0.0	15.0±0.5	4.4±0.2	0.7±0.0	48.3c±2.1	628.3a±42.4	531.1c±23.3
0.833		8.6±0.9	0.6±0.1	0.5±0.1	14.8±1.4	4.6±0.8	0.7±0.0
0.916	413.0±0.7	8.8±1.2	0.6±0.1	0.5±0.1	14.9±1.2	4.5±0.7	0.7±0.1	47.3c±2.9	649.5a±43.3	519.5c±13.84

T	POLP	TAN	POLS	EX	SLIG	ILIG	TLIG	HOLO
year	-----------------------------------------------g kg^-1-----------------------------------------------
0.00	110.8±5.3	26.1±4.5	217.0±17.1	8.1±0.3	3.5±0.2	35.7±1.0	39.2±0.6	56.1±0.7
0.25	53.6±5.1	7.6±4.0	245.1±1.7	7.8±0.2	2.6±0.2	34.6±2.6	37.3±2.1	57.5±2.4
0.58	42.7±6.3	14.5±2.7	212.2±4.1	6.1±0.1	2.3±0.2	45.3±0.4	49.2±0.6	48.4±0.5
0.75	49.2±14.5	9.4±2.5	193.4±6.7	5.5±0.4	2.4±0.1	46.4±0.8	49.3±0.5	48.0±0.9
0.91	48.7±3.1	11.4±3.8	176.4±10.2	6.3±0.1	2.5±0.1	48.0±0.1	50.7±1.3	45.6±0.1

Variables	POLS	POLP	TAN	EX	SLIG	ILIG	TLIG	HOLO	C/N	C/P	C/S	LIG/N	LIG/P	LIG/POLP	LIG+ POLP/N
DM	0.60 ^ significant at 1 %;	0.70 ^ significant at 1 %;	0.44 ^° ° significant at 10 %.	0.85 ^ significant at 1 %;	0.09 ^ns ns not significant;	-0.90 ^ significant at 1 %;	-0.41 ^° ° significant at 10 %.	0.87 ^ significant at 1 %;	0.72 ^ significant at 1 %;	0.37 ^ns ns not significant;	0.58 ^ significant at 1 %;	-0.34 ^ns ns not significant;	-0.55 ^* * significant at 5 %;	-0.75 ^ significant at 1 %;	0.31 ^ns ns not significant;
POLS	-	0.23 ^ns ns not significant;	0.08 ^ns ns not significant;	0.50 ^* * significant at 5 %;	0.09 ^ns ns not significant;	-0.61 ^ significant at 1 %;	-0.23 ^ns ns not significant;	0.61 ^ significant at 1 %;	0.53 ^* * significant at 5 %;	0.04 ^ns ns not significant;	0.58 ^ significant at 1 %;	-0.08 ^ns ns not significant;	-0.47 ^* * significant at 5 %;	-0.45 ^* * significant at 5 %;	0.18 ^ns ns not significant;
POLP	-	-	0.75 ^ significant at 1 %;	0.62 ^ significant at 1 %;	0.17 ^ns ns not significant;	-0.51 ^* * significant at 5 %;	-0.18 ^ns ns not significant;	0.47 ^* * significant at 5 %;	0.25 ^ns ns not significant;	0.13 ^ns ns not significant;	0.06 ^ns ns not significant;	-0.35 ^ns ns not significant;	-0.34 ^ns ns not significant;	-0.86 ^ significant at 1 %;	0.41 ^° ° significant at 10 %.
TAN	-	-	-	0.40 ^° ° significant at 10 %.	0.31 ^ns ns not significant;	-0.30 ^ns ns not significant;	0.14 ^ns ns not significant;	0.26 ^ns ns not significant;	0.21 ^ns ns not significant;	0.14 ^ns ns not significant;	-0.22 ^ns ns not significant;	-0.15 ^ns ns not significant;	-0.19 ^ns ns not significant;	-0.62 ^ significant at 1 %;	0.44 ^* * significant at 5 %;
EX	-	-	-	-	-0.02 ^ns ns not significant;	-0.85 ^ significant at 1 %;	-0.39 ^° ° significant at 10 %.	0.78 ^ significant at 1 %;	0.68 ^ significant at 1 %;	0.46 ^* * significant at 5 %;	0.66 ^ significant at 1 %;	-0.39 ^° ° significant at 10 %.	-0.47 ^* * significant at 5 %;	-0.79 ^ significant at 1 %;	0.18 ^ns ns not significant;
SLIG	-	-	-	-	-	0.04 ^ns ns not significant;	0.74 ^ significant at 1 %;	-0.05 ^ns ns not significant;	-0.13 ^ns ns not significant;	-0.33 ^ns ns not significant;	-0.27 ^ns ns not significant;	0.16 ^ns ns not significant;	-0.06 ^ns ns not significant;	-0.22 ^ns ns not significant;	0.33 ^ns ns not significant;
ILIG	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.47 ^* * significant at 5 %;	-0.99 ^ significant at 1 %;	-0.77 ^ significant at 1 %;	-0.25 ^ns ns not significant;	-0.73 ^ significant at 1 %;	0.53 ^* * significant at 5 %;	0.77 ^ significant at 1 %;	0.67 ^ significant at 1 %;	-0.00 ^ns ns not significant;
TLIG	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-0.48 ^* * significant at 5 %;	-0.36 ^ns ns not significant;	-0.30 ^ns ns not significant;	-0.44 ^* * significant at 5 %;	0.39 ^° ° significant at 10 %.	0.30 ^ns ns not significant;	0.21 ^ns ns not significant;	0.22 ^ns ns not significant;
HOLO	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.76 ^ significant at 1 %;	0.19 ^ns ns not significant;	0.72 ^ significant at 1 %;	-0.54 ^* * significant at 5 %;	-0.81 ^ significant at 1 %;	-0.62 ^ significant at 1 %;	-0.04 ^ns ns not significant;
C/N	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.55 ^* * significant at 5 %;	0.77 ^ significant at 1 %;	0.05 ^ns ns not significant;	-0.40 ^° ° significant at 10 %.	-0.47 ^* * significant at 5 %;	0.37 ^ns ns not significant;
C/P	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.42 ^° ° significant at 10 %.	0.22 ^ns ns not significant;	0.37 ^ns ns not significant;	-0.24 ^ns ns not significant;	0.35 ^ns ns not significant;
C/S	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-0.15 ^ns ns not significant;	-0.43 ^° ° significant at 10 %.	-0.34 ^ns ns not significant;	0.01 ^ns ns not significant;
LIG/N	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.70 ^ significant at 1 %;	0.34 ^ns ns not significant;	0.69 ^ significant at 1 %;
LIG/P	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.42 ^° ° significant at 10 %.	0.33 ^ns ns not significant;
LIG/POLP	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-0.36 ^ns ns not significant;

Variables	N	P	K	Ca	Mg	S
POLS	0.48 ^* * significant at 5 %;	0.60 ^ significant at 1 %;	0.39 ^° ° significant at 10 %.	0.35 ^ns ns not significant;	0.63 ^ significant at 1 %;	0.18 ^ns ns not significant;
POLP	0.80 ^ significant at 1 %;	0.71 ^ significant at 1 %;	0.84 ^ significant at 1 %;	0.82 ^ significant at 1 %;	0.59 ^ significant at 1 %;	0.78 ^ significant at 1 %;
TAN	0.52 ^* * significant at 5 %;	0.47 ^* * significant at 5 %;	0.59 ^ significant at 1 %;	0.69 ^ significant at 1 %;	0.33 ^ns ns not significant;	0.75 ^ significant at 1 %;
EX	0.75 ^ significant at 1 %;	0.77 ^ significant at 1 %;	0.77 ^ significant at 1 %;	0.66 ^ significant at 1 %;	0.80 ^ significant at 1 %;	0.41 ^° ° significant at 10 %.
SLIG	0.20 ^ns ns not significant;	0.20 ^ns ns not significant;	0.11 ^ns ns not significant;	0.12 ^ns ns not significant;	0.02 ^ns ns not significant;	0.44^*
ILIG	-0.79 ^ significant at 1 %;	-0.90 ^ significant at 1 %;	-0.74 ^ significant at 1 %;	-0.69 ^ significant at 1 %;	-0.92 ^ significant at 1 %;	-0.41 ^° ° significant at 10 %.
TLIG	-0.33 ^ns ns not significant;	-0.34 ^ns ns not significant;	-0.39 ^° ° significant at 10 %.	-0.36 ^ns ns not significant;	-0.44 ^* * significant at 5 %;	-0.00 ^ns ns not significant;
HOLO	0.77 ^ significant at 1 %;	0.89 ^ significant at 1 %;	0.71 ^ significant at 1 %;	0.67 ^ significant at 1 %;	0.91 ^ significant at 1 %;	0.40 ^ns ns not significant;

[1] *Corresponding author: E-mail: valeria.cavalcante.agro@gmail.com

Brasil

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Clonal teak litter in tropical soil: decomposition, nutrient cycling, and biochemical composition

ABSTRACT: