Accumulation and efficiency of phosphorus use in irrigated cassava cultivars in the Brazilian semiarid region

Alves, Francisco A. T.; Silveira, Flávio P. da M.; Lopes, Welder de A. R.; Oliveira, Francisco de A. de; Silveira, Lindomar M. da; Barros Júnior, Aurélio P.

doi:10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v26n12p930-938

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Articles • Rev. bras. eng. agríc. ambient. 26 (12) • Dec 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v26n12p930-938 copy

Accumulation and efficiency of phosphorus use in irrigated cassava cultivars in the Brazilian semiarid region¹ 1 Research developed at Fazenda Experimental Rafael Fernandes, Alagoinha district, Mossoró, RN, Brazil

Acúmulo e eficiência do uso do fósforo em cultivares de mandioca irrigadas no semiárido brasileiro

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

HIGHLIGHTS:

The largest export of phosphorus in cassava is through the roots.

High doses of phosphorus (240 kg ha^-1 of P₂O₅) reduce agronomic and recovery efficiencies.

Cassava shows great genetic variability in response to phosphorus fertilization.

ABSTRACT

Phosphorus is of fundamental importance for the energy supply necessary for plant metabolism, but it is still understudied for important agricultural crops such as cassava. The objective of this study was to evaluate the accumulation and efficiency of phosphorus use in different cassava cultivars in the semiarid region. Two experiments were carried out during two agricultural seasons 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 in Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte state, Brazil. The experimental design was randomized blocks, in split plots, with four replicates. In the plots, five doses of phosphorus (P) (0, 60, 120, 180, and 240 kg ha^-1 of P₂O₅) were applied in the planting furrow, and four cassava cultivars (Água Morna, BRS Gema de Ovo, Recife, and Venâncio) were cultivated in the subplots. The cultivars Água Morna and Recife export more phosphorus through their roots. The cultivars Venâncio and Água Morna show greater agronomic efficiency when fertilized with 60 kg ha^-1 of P₂O₅. The apparent P recovery efficiency presented the following order: ‘BRS Gema de Ovo’ > ‘Água Morna’ > ‘Venâncio’ > ‘Recife’, with higher indices at the dose of 60 kg ha^-1 of P₂O₅.

Key words:
Manihot esculenta Crantz; plant nutrition; soil fertility; nutritional efficiency

Soil layer (m)	pH	P*	K⁺	Na⁺	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	Sand	Silt	Clay
Soil layer (m)	pH	(mg dm^-3)			(cmol_c dm^-3)		(kg kg^-1)
1^st Crop season (2018/2019)
0-0.20	5.90	8.30	38.90	1.20	0.80	0.50	0.91	0.02	0.07
0.20-0.40	5.50	2.00	50.80	1.20	0.70	0.20	0.88	0.03	0.09
2^nd Crop season (2019/2020)
0-0.20	5.90	3.70	41.10	9.30	0.60	0.20	0.91	0.02	0.07
0.20-0.40	4.90	0.90	24.30	8.30	0.50	0.10	0.88	0.03	0.09

Cultivars	Doses of P₂O₅ (kg ha^-1)					Regression equation	R²
Cultivars	0	60	120	180	240	Regression equation	R²
1^st Crop season (2018/2019)
(P: p ≤ 0.01; C: p ≤ 0.01; P x C: p ≤ 0.01; CV: 17.17%)
Água Morna	0.703 b	1.712 a	1.604 a	1.396 ab	0.742 b	y = 0.848 + 0.013x – 0.000059*x²	0.75
BRS Gema de Ovo	1.101 a	1.143 b	0.726 b	0.955 b	0.841 ab	y = ns = 0.911
Recife	1.110 a	1.512 a	1.812 a	1,551 a	1.076 a	y = 1.139 + 0.0086x – 0.000039*x²	0.72
Venâncio	0.158 c	0.421 c	0.769 b	1.089 ab	0.428 c	y = 0.125 + 0.0082x – 0.000029x²	0.93
2^nd Crop season (2019/2020)
(P: p ≤ 0.01; C: p ≤ 0.01; P x C: p ≤ 0.05; CV: 21.25%)
Água Morna	0.535 ab	1.154 a	1.663 a	1.396 ab	1.291 a	y = 0.539 + 0.013*x – 0,000044x²	0.837
BRS Gema de Ovo	0.506 ab	1.079 a	1,187 b	0.955 c	0.983 ab	y = 0.572 + 0.0082x – 0.000028x²	0.794
Recife	0.783 a	1.151 a	1.315 ab	1,551 a	1.308 a	y = 0.767 + 0.0079x – 0.000023x²	0.946
Venâncio	0.354 b	0.623 b	1.112 b	1.089 bc	0.872 b	y = 0.297 + 0.0096x – 0.000029*x²	0.921

Cultivars	Doses of P₂O₅ (kg ha^-1)					Regression equation	R²
Cultivars	0	60	120	180	240	Regression equation	R²
1^st Crop season (2018/2019)
(P: p ≤ 0.01; C: p ≤ 0.01; P x C: p ≤ 0.01; CV: 22.82%)
Água Morna	0.260 b	0.885 b	0.682 c	0.680 b	0.593 b	y = 0.336 + 0.0085x – 0.000032*x²	0.79
BRS Gema de Ovo	0.819 a	1.855 a	1,454 b	1.015 ab	0.639 b	y = 0.987 + 0.012x – 0.000057x²	0.74
Recife	0.829 a	1.251 ab	1.959 a	1.332 a	0.985 ab	y = 0.782 + 0.014x – 0.000057*x²	0.80
Venâncio	0.486 b	1.183 b	1.774 a	1.304 a	1.017 a	y = 0.483 + 0.016x – 0.000060x²	0.91
2^nd Crop season (2019/2020)
(P: p ≤ 0.01; C: p ≤ 0.01; P x C: p ≤ 0.01; CV: 22.46%)
Água Morna	0.147 a	0.268 b	0.477 b	0.321 b	0.267 c	y = 0.135 + 0.0039x – 0.00014*x²	0.79
BRS Gema de Ovo	0.186 a	0.418 a	0.672 a	0.713 a	0.794 a	y = 0.254 + 0.0025**x	0.91
Recife	0.143 a	0.225 b	0.445 b	0.490 b	0.371 b	y = 0.108 + 0.0039*x – 0.000011x²	0.88
Venâncio	0.211 a	0.397 a	0.677 a	0.798 a	0.536 a	y = 0.163 + 0.0067x – 0.00021*x²	0.89

Cultivars	Doses of P₂O₅ (kg ha^-1)					Regression equation	R²
Cultivars	0	60	120	180	240	Regression equation	R²
1^st Crop season (2018/2019)
(P: p ≤ 0.01; C: p ≤ 0.01; P x C: p ≤ 0.01; CV: 28.34%)
Água Morna	0.198 b	0.301 a	0.412 b	0.378 b	0.446 b	y = 0.232 + 0.00095**x	0.84
BRS Gema de Ovo	0.414 ab	0.497 a	0.558 ab	0.488 b	0.326 b	y = 0.405 + 0.0026x – 0.000012*x²	0.97
Recife	0.513 a	0.397 a	0.510 ab	0.329 b	0.526 ab	y = ns = 0.455
Venâncio	0.182 b	0.510 a	0.725 a	0.758 a	0.702 a	y = 0.182 + 0.0067x – 0.000019x²	0.99
2^nd Crop season (2019/2020)
(P: p ≤ 0.01; C: p ≤ 0.01; P x C: p ≤ 0.01; CV: 17.93%)
Água Morna	0.178 a	0.317 ab	0.335 a	0.273 c	0.222 c	y = 0.190 + 0.0023x – 0,000009*x²	0.89
BRS Gema de Ovo	0.273 a	0.432 a	0.437 a	0.601 a	0.549 a	y = 0.314 + 0.0012**x	0.91
Recife	0.192 a	0.298 b	0.497 a	0.476 b	0.421 b	y = 0.172 + 0.0036x – 0.000011x²	0.88
Venâncio	0.193 a	0.312 ab	0.368 a	0.513 ab	0.473 ab	y = 0.219 + 0.0013**x	0.88

Cultivars	Doses of P₂O₅ (kg ha^-1)					Regression equation	R²
Cultivars	0	60	120	180	240	Regression equation	R²
1^st Crop season (2018/2019)
(P: p ≤ 0.01; C: p ≤ 0.01; P x C: p ≤ 0.01; CV: 19.75%)
Água Morna	1.161 b	2.898 b	2.697 b	2.152 b	1.782 b	y = 1.387 + 0.022x – 0.000090*x²	0.76
BRS Gema de Ovo	2.335 a	4.026 a	3.215 b	2.245 b	1.806 b	y = 2.633 + 0.017x – 0.000092*x²	0.74
Recife	2.452 a	3.226 b	4.282 a	2.858 a	2.587 a	y = 2.458 + 0.022x – 0.000091*x²	0.70
Venâncio	0.827 b	2.115 c	3.267 b	2.720 a	2.147 ab	y = 0.792 + 0.031x – 0.00011x²	0.95
2^nd Crop season (2019/2020)
(P: p ≤ 0.01; C: p ≤ 0.05; P x C: p ≤ 0.05; CV: 20.80%)
Água Morna	0.862 a	1.693 ab	2.475 a	1.991 a	1.790 a	y = 0.855 + 0.019x – 0,000066x²	0.91
BRS Gema de Ovo	0.965 a	1.929 a	2.297 a	2.268 a	2.326 a	y = 1.029 + 0.015*x – 0.000044x²	0.96
Recife	1.118 a	1.655 ab	2.167 a	2.518 a	2.101 a	y = 1.050 + 0.015x – 0.000041x²	0.95
Venâncio	0.757 a	1.332 b	2.158 a	2.402 a	1.879 a	y = 0.645 + 0.018x – 0.000055x²	0.94

Cultivars	Doses of P₂O₅ (kg ha^-1)				Regression equation	R²
Cultivars	60	120	180	240	Regression equation	R²
1^st Crop season (2018/2019)
(P: p ≤ 0.01; C: p ≤ 0.01; P x C: p ≤ 0.01; CV: 30.63%)
Água Morna	136.75 b	72.61 b	-4.75 b	-15.72 b	y = 180.915 – 0.891**x	0.93
BRS Gema de Ovo	-153.75 d	-70.77 c	-40.81 d	-26.65 b	y = -261.84 + 2.12*x – 0.0048x²	0.99
Recife	38.22 c	67.05 b	-12.83 c	-59.31 c	y = 7.262 + 0.948*x – 0.0052x²	0.89
Venâncio	179.25 a	163.00 a	113.82 a	46.78 a	y = 237.36 – 0.744**x	0.94
2^nd Crop season (2019/2020)
(P: p ≤ 0.01; C: p ≤ 0.05; P x C: p ≤ 0.01; CV: 20.80%)
Água Morna	203.657 b	166.772 a	129.237 a	84.582 a	y = 244.752 – 0.658**	0.99
BRS Gema de Ovo	107.682 c	94.207 b	-17.000c	-31.125 c	y = 170.348 – 0.879**	0.88
Recife	127.610 c	118.472 b	93.945 b	41.485 b	y = 166.103 – 0.471**x	0.89
Venâncio	256.152 a	166.942 a	145.517 a	79.520 a	y = 299.863 – 0.919**x	0.95

Cultivars	Doses of P₂O₅ (kg ha^-1)				Regression equation	R²
Cultivars	60	120	180	240	Regression equation	R²
1^st Crop season (2018/2019)
(P: p ≤ 0.01; C: p ≤ 0.01; P x C: p ≤ 0.01; CV: 26.83%)
Água Morna	0.475 b	0.217 b	0.067 b	0.045 ab	y = 0.856 – 0.0073*x + 0.000016x²	0.99
BRS Gema de Ovo	0.552 a	0.057 c	-0.065 d	-0.035 c	y = 1.254 – 0.014x + 0.000036x²	0.99
Recife	0.195 d	0.257 b	0.095 c	0.017 bc	y = 0.140 + 0.0018*x – 0.000010x²	0.86
Venâncio	0.357 c	0.337 a	0.175 a	0.092 a	y = 0.479 – 0.0016**x	0.93
2^nd Crop season (2019/2020)
(P: p ≤ 0.01; C: p ≤ 0.05; P x C: p ≤ 0.01; CV: 19.73%)
Água Morna	0.235 a	0.232 a	0.112 a	0.065 a	y = 0.318 – 0,00105**x	0.89
BRS Gema de Ovo	0.270 a	0.197 ab	0.120 a	0.095 a	y = 0.321 – 0.0010**x	0.96
Recife	0.175 b	0.155 b	0.132 a	0.067 a	y = 0.219 – 0.00058**x	0.91
Venâncio	0.187 b	0.196 ab	0.150 a	0.077 a	y = 0.144 + 0.0011x – 0.0000057x²	0.99

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[1] * Corresponding author - E-mail: flaviopms@hotmail.com

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Accumulation and efficiency of phosphorus use in irrigated cassava cultivars in the Brazilian semiarid region1 1 Research developed at Fazenda Experimental Rafael Fernandes, Alagoinha district, Mossoró, RN, Brazil

Acúmulo e eficiência do uso do fósforo em cultivares de mandioca irrigadas no semiárido brasileiro

HIGHLIGHTS:

ABSTRACT

Accumulation and efficiency of phosphorus use in irrigated cassava cultivars in the Brazilian semiarid region¹ 1 Research developed at Fazenda Experimental Rafael Fernandes, Alagoinha district, Mossoró, RN, Brazil